國中英文文法第六冊2

分詞片語：

標題句：The woman talking with a girl over there is my aunt.
　　　　The window broken by John yesterday has been fixed.

結　構：分詞片語

本單元所要談的，雖然叫做「分詞片語」，但基本上是從「關係子句」簡化而來，而此種子句的簡化，僅適用於關係代詞當作關係子句中的主詞時。所以若你對於「關係子句」不熟悉，建議再回到「關係子句」單元複習。

關係代詞所引導的是一個子句形式的形容詞，亦可經過簡化，將此一形容詞子句改為形容詞片語形式。其簡化情形有下列兩種：

Ａ. 關係子句內為「關係代詞 ＋ be」時，直接省去關係代詞和 be 即可：這就是以前所學過的「介系詞片語當形容詞用」。

例：
1. The book which was on the table is mine.　→  The book on the table is mine.

2. Life which is in a big city is very convenient.　→  Life in a big city is very convenient.

Ｂ. 關係子句內若為「關係代詞 ＋ be ＋ 分詞」時，也是直接省去關係代詞和 be 即可：
　　(註: 分詞包括現在分詞和過去分詞。)

例：
3. The man who is working in the garden is John's father.
　→The man working in the garden is John's father.

4. The office which was built in 1900 is the tallest building in the city.
　→The office built in 1900 is the ...

5. The car which was made in America can run very fast.
　→The car made in America can ...

6. John, who is writing a letter, will go to Taipei in an hour.
　→John, writing a letter, will ...　　(即使是為非限定用法，其方式亦同。)

想想看一：請將下列句子的關係子句，依上述方式予以簡化為形容詞片語。

1. They love to know about everything which is happening in the world.

2. I went to the mountains with my best friend, who is four months older than me.

3. While you drove here, did you see the house which was painted blue and white?

▲合併句子的作法: 合併的過程與關係代詞的合併相似，僅增加在合併後，進行關係代詞及 be 的省去。（注意句末的提示）

例：
7. The farmer has a lot of money.
　The farmer is working on the farm. 　(用分詞片語合併)

　→ The farmer has a lot of money.
　　 who is working on the farm.

　→ The farmer who is working on the farm has a lot of money.

　→ The farmer who is working on the farm has a lot of money.
　　（刪除關係代詞和 be）

　→ The farmer working on the farm has a lot of money.

8. The nurse always takes good care of the patients (病人).
　The nurse is drinking water. 　(用分詞片語合併)

　→ The nurse always takes good care of the patients (病人).
　　 who is drinking water.

　→ The nurse who is drinking water always takes good care of the sick people.

　→ The nurse who is drinking water always takes good care of the sick people.
　　（刪除關係代詞和 be）

　→ The nurse drinking water always takes good care of the patients (病人).

想想看二：請上述方式，用分詞片語合併下列各句。

1. Who is the man?
　The man is speaking to your father.

2. The fruit is usually more expensive.
　The fruit is grown naturally.

3. The lazy boy hates to do his homework.
　The lazy boy is sitting under the tree.

4. My wife likes to go to the department store.
　The department store is having a big sale this week.

5. The student usually gets good grades in the tests.
　The student is studying English in his room now.

▲名詞後現在分詞與過去分詞的選擇：需視名詞後之動作，究係是否為該名詞所產生者來定。若後面之動詞為該名所產生，則用現在分詞 (V-ing)，若不是為該名詞所產生者，則用過去分詞 (p.p.)。

例：
9. The child 　　　 to music can play computer games well.
　　　　(A) listening　(B) listened

　　　(先行詞 the child 會產生 listen 動作, 故須用 listening。)

10. Joe, 　　　 near the school, always walks to school.
　　　　(A) living 　　(B) lived

　　　(Joe 會產生 live 動作, 故此題應選 living。)

11. The computer 　　　 yesterday evening works very well.
　　　　(A) buying 　　(B) bought

　　　(the computer 不可能產生 buy 動作，而是「被買」，故選 bought。)

由上9～11例句中，很容易產生誤解，以為只要先行詞是為人或動物，則其後用V-ing；反之，若先行詞為事物, 則後接 p.p.。事實上，判斷的依據應是──若先行詞後之動詞為先行詞所產生者，則用V-ing；若不是為先行詞所產生者, 則用 p.p.。例：
12. A man 　　　 Mr. Wang visited you this morning.
　 (A) called　 (B) calling

　 (此處 call 解釋為「稱做、叫做」，而一個人的名字是「被取、被叫」的，故用 called。)

13. The little dog 　　　 there for the class looks very nice.
　 (A) taken　(B) taking

　 (the little dog 是「被帶」來此地, 故應用 taken。)

想想看三：請依上下文意，選出適當的答案。

1. The bridge　　　 in 1890 is the landmark (地標) of the city.
　(A) building 　(B) built

2. The teachers 　　　 lunch in the office will stay at school this afternoon.
　(A) eating 　(B) eaten

3. My father carefully keeps the chair 　　　 by his grandfather.
　(A) making　(B) made

4. We don't know the woman 　　　 the telephone.
　(A) answering 　(B) answered

若是僅只有上述的兩個選項，基本上還不難以判斷出答案；但若是再加上其他動詞用法，那對於學生來說，就很容易混淆了。檢視上述的例句與練習，就會發現到，最容易弄錯者應是不定詞，因空格都是出現在前有「名詞」時。試試看底下的練習。

想想看四：請依上下文意，選出適當的答案。

1. The boy who went to the park with my son 　　　 very well.
　(A) sings 　(B) to sing 　(C) singing 　(D) sung

2. Jim found his bicycle, 　　　 at the park last Saturday.
　(A) losses 　(B) to lose 　(C) losing 　(D) lost

3. The boss wants us 　　　 carefully and correctly.
　(A) work　(B) to work 　(C) working　(D) worked

4. Do you understand the question 　　　 in John's class?
　(A) hear 　(B) hearing 　(C) to hear 　(D) heard

5. The girl 　　　 flowers on the street is interested in music.
　(A) sells 　(B) to sell 　(C) selling　(D) sold

6. Dr. Sun Yat-sen, 　　　 on November 12, 1866, is the father of R.O.C.
　(A) bears　(B) to bear 　(C) bearing　(D) born

7. My daughter 　　　 the living room and kitchen will have a birthday party tonight.
　(A) cleans 　(B) to clean　(C) cleaning　(D) cleaned

8. We need 　　　 plans for summer vacation.
　(A) make 　(B) to make 　(C) making　(D) made

9. The boy 　　　 by his teacher cannot answer the question.
　(A) asks　(B) to ask 　(3) asking　(D) asked

10. The little child 　　　 the bad news cried for a long time.
　(A) tells　(B) to tell　(C) telling　(D) told

▲翻譯題的作法：參照第五冊中有關關係代詞的翻譯作法，譯出句子之後，再將其予以簡化即可。

想想看五：翻譯下列各句。
1. 台灣製的衣服都很便宜。

2. 正在看漫畫的那個人，會說一口流利的英語。

3. 我們都喜歡看 Mary 所寫的書。(關係子句部分, 請用主動和被動各寫一句，並看看有何不同？)

4. 送給 Bob 的禮物都很漂亮。

5. 正在街上跑的那輛車，價值 900,000元。

想想看一：合併下列各句。

1. They love to know about everything happening in the world.

2. I went to the mountains with my best friend, four months older than me.

3. While you drove here, did you see the house painted blue and white?

想想看二：請上述方式，用分詞片語合併下列各句。

1. Who is the man speaking to your father?

2. The fruit grown naturally is usually more expensive.

3. The lazy boy sitting under the tree hates to do his homework.

4. My wife likes to go to the department store having a big sale this week.

5. The student studying English in his room now usually gets good grades in the tests.

想想看三：請依上下文意，選出適當的答案。

1	2	3	4
B	A	B	A

想想看四：請依上下文意，選出適當的答案。

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
A	D	B	D	C	D	C	B	D	D

想想看五：翻譯下列各句。

1. The clothes made in Taiwan are all (very) cheap.

2. The man reading a comic book can speak English (very) well. 或The man reading a comic book can speak (very) good English.

3. We all like to read the books written by May. 或We all like to read the books (which) Mary wrote.

4. The presents sent to Bob are/were all (very) beautiful/pretty.

5. The car running on the street cost(s) 900,000 dollars.