B4U3 SP

 

IV. Grammar

1  副詞子句簡化的分詞構句：V1-ing..., S + V2....

→ 1. 此句型為現在分詞構句用法，是由when、while、after、as soon as等表示「時間」的連接詞所引導的副詞子句簡化而來，其主要子句和副詞子句的主詞須相同。

2. 使用現在分詞構句時，先省略連接詞及副詞子句的主詞，然後將副詞子句中的主動動詞 (V₁) 改為現在分詞 (V₁-ing)。

3. 當要省略的動詞時態為「進行式」時，以V-ing的方式呈現。若副詞子句為否定句，改為分詞構句時，否定詞置於分詞之前。

例：As soon as Ariel received the parcel, she immediately opened it.

→ Receiving the parcel, Ariel immediately opened it.

一收到包裹，Ariel馬上打開它。

When Eric arrived in Hokkaido, he sent a message to his sister.

→ Arriving in Hokkaido, Eric sent a message to his sister.

抵達北海道時，Eric傳了封訊息給他姊姊。

練習：根據句型改寫句子。

1. When the police officer saw a car running through a red light, he blew his whistle.

_________________________________________________________________________

2. After the boy broke the window, he ran away in fear.

_________________________________________________________________________

2  S + V... + so that + S + Aux + V....

→ 1. so that為從屬連接詞，引導表「目的」的從屬子句，表示「好讓……，以便……」。so that前面通常不加逗點。

2. 此句型中，so that也等同於in order that，不過後者較為正式。

例：Sweets are placed at the checkout counter so that customers can buy more easily.

甜食放在收銀櫃檯以便顧客更容易購買。

Victor sets the alarm for 6:30 so that he can go to work on time.

Victor把鬧鐘設在六點半，好讓他能準時上班。

練習：根據中譯完成句子。(每格不限填一字)

1. 系所辦公室會寄一封電子郵件給你，好讓你知道面試的時間。

The department office will send you an email __________ you know the time of the interview.

2. Margret在整堂課中一直做筆記以便她課後能夠複習。

Margret took notes throughout the lecture __________ she could review after class.

3  S + claim + that + S + V….

→ claim作及物動詞使用時，表示「聲稱，主張」，通常為單方面依僅有證據所提出的說詞，可能未受到證實。claim後面通常搭配that所引導出的名詞子句，作為受詞；或是搭配不定詞to be、to V作為受詞。其他與表達信念相關的動詞還有believe表示「相信」、think表示「認為」、hold表示「認為」、declare表示「宣稱」等。

例：Some scientists claim that fake meat makes us catch fewer diseases.

有些科學家聲稱人造肉能讓我們少感染疾病。

Felix claimed to be innocent of the crime.

Felix聲稱自己無罪。

練習：根據中譯完成句子。(每格不限填一字)

1. 那家公司聲稱他們的產品對減重很有效果。

The company __________ their product has great effects on losing weight.

2. 那位醫生聲稱他已找到治癒傳染性疾病的方法。

The doctor __________ he has found a way to cure the infectious disease.

4  補語置於句首的倒裝句：OC + V + S

→ 英語基本句型的詞序，有「主詞 (S)、動詞 (V)、受詞 (O)」和「主詞 (S)、動詞 (V)、受詞補語 (OC)」。在這類句型中，顛倒主詞和動詞詞序的修辭技巧，稱為倒裝。倒裝句通常會把原句中的重要元素，像是「否定副詞」、表「方向或場所的副詞」、「補語」、以及「受詞」提前到句首，以強調該部分的資訊，或調節句子中各部位的資訊量。若是句中的主詞為代名詞，如he、she、it，通常不會倒裝其句型。

例：The words “Veggie Meat Burger” were in bold writing. (S + V + OC)

→ In bold writing were the words “Veggie Meat Burger.” (OC + V + S)

粗體字寫著「素肉漢堡」。

Frantz Fanon was among the famous philosophers, who discussed the living conditions of the black people. (S + V + OC)

→ Among the famous philosophers was Frantz Fanon, who discussed the living conditions of the black people. (OC + V + S)

在著名的哲學家當中，Frantz Fanon曾探討關於黑人的生存處境。

練習：根據句型改寫句子。

1. The mountain views in Taroko National Park was amazing.

_________________________________________________________________________

2. The news was so surprising that Alice could not say a word.

_________________________________________________________________________

5  While + S1 + V1, S2 + V2….

→ 從屬連接詞while可以用來表示時間，作「當……的時候」解釋之外，也可以表示對比，為「然而，儘管」之意。while所引導的從屬子句可以放在句首或句尾，並以逗號隔開。

例：Some people support the new policy while others expressed their doubts.

有些人支持新政策，然而有些人表示懷疑。

While Ted did not agree with what his brother said, he respected his opinions.

儘管Ted不同意他弟弟所說的，他仍尊重他的意見。

練習：根據句型重組句子。

1. are good friends / from time to time. / While / they / still quarrel / Edith and Ray

_________________________________________________________________________

2. she is always right. / While Tina / that / it doesn’t mean / is experienced

_________________________________________________________________________

TRY IT!

一、選出正確的答案。

(     ) 1. ________ Ricky likes Thai food, Joyce thinks it’s too spicy for her.

(A) Since    (B) While    (C) For    (D) So

(     ) 2. ________ her hard work has paid off, Maria could not help but cry.

(A) Know    (B) Knowing    (C) To know    (D) Knew

(     ) 3. The country lowered its taxes on imported goods ________ international trade can flow.

(A) such that    (B) in order to    (C) so that    (D) so as to

(     ) 4. Louisa is active and outgoing, ________ her sister is quiet and shy.

(A) since    (B) for    (C) so    (D) while

(     ) 5. The politician claimed ________ he was supported by a majority of people.

(A) that    (B) what    (C) when    (D) how

(     ) 6. ________ a cat sleeping on the sofa.

(A) There are    (B) Is there    (C) Are there    (D) There is

(     ) 7. Lillian kept the tag on the skirt ________ she could return it to the store.

(A) in order to    (B) so that    (C) so as to    (D) such that

(     ) 8. ________ the receipt for your clothes today.

(A) Here are    (B) Was here    (C) Here is    (D) Were here

(     ) 9. Henry claims ________ writing the whole book all by himself.

(A) finished    (B) finish    (C) to have finished    (D) to finishing

(     ) 10. ________ a big fan of basketball, Nate bought a front-row ticket to the game.

(A) Being    (B) To have been    (C) Be    (D) To be

二、根據提示完成句子。

1. on your report. / In / were / the teacher’s feedback / red marks (重組句子)

_________________________________________________________________________

2. he ate a large pizza. / was / that / So starving / Larry (重組句子)

_________________________________________________________________________

3. As soon as John finished his report, he sent it to his teacher. (以分詞構句改寫句子)

_________________________________________________________________________

4. When Ted realized that he forgot to bring his keys, he turned back. (以分詞構句改寫句子)

_________________________________________________________________________

5. living in the city. / while her sister / prefers / Ann prefers / living in the country (重組句子)

_________________________________________________________________________

6. she still respects him. / Claire / that her husband is not perfect, / admits / While (重組句子)

_________________________________________________________________________

7. Tim早點上床睡覺，好讓他有精神上明天的課。(中翻英)

_________________________________________________________________________

8. Debbie每天清理書桌，以便她更容易找到她需要的東西。(中翻英)

_________________________________________________________________________

9. 那位科學家主張人造肉和真肉一樣有益健康。(中翻英)

_________________________________________________________________________

10. 那位設計師主張紙吸管是較好的選擇。(中翻英)

_________________________________________________________________________