青木由香時常在旅行。這位熱愛藝術的日本籍作家已拜訪超過45個國家。然而，青木很少想到要造訪臺灣。對她而言，臺灣似乎離日本很近。所以青木總是覺得她可以晚點再到臺灣玩。
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1-1 This art-loving Japanese writer has visited more than
45 countries.
(1) art-loving表示「熱愛藝術的」，為複合形容詞，由「名詞 + 分詞」所組成。當名詞結合分詞時，須視該動詞對名詞的主動或被動而改為現在分詞 (表示主動) 或過去分詞 (表示被動)。以art-loving為例，其原意為love
art，為主動，故用現在分詞loving。其他類似的複合形容詞尚有eye-catching
(吸引目光的)、time-consuming
(浪費時間的)、drug-addicted
(有毒癮的) 等。
(2) 「more than
+ 數量」為「多於……，超過……」之意。less than則為「少於……」。
‧There are
more than two thousand people living in this town.
1-2 ...seldom did it occur to Aoki to visit Taiwan
(1) 原句為...it
seldom occurred to Aoki to visit Taiwan.。此為將否定詞或具有否定語意的字詞置於句首的倒裝句構，其用法詳見本課句型解析2。
(2) occur to表示「想到……」。
字詞搭配
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it occurs to sb
to V/that-clause 某人想到……
‧It has never occurred to me to travel
alone.
‧It occurs to me that my mom’s birthday is
coming.
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1-3 ...Taiwan
seemed very close to Japan
(1) 原句為 ...Taiwan seemed to be very close to Japan.，亦可改寫為 ...it seemed that Taiwan
(2) (be) close to + N 靠近……
close在此為形容詞，表示「靠近的」。
‧The bus
stop is close to the restaurant.
2001年，青木因為友人的邀請而有機會來到臺灣。起先，她對這個「奇怪」的地方感到訝異，但她漸漸開始學習欣賞臺日之間的差別。接著她便開始撰寫關於她在臺灣的生活。文化差異常常造成令人莞爾的情形，而青木以身在臺灣的日籍女子對於生活的觀察與想法，形成她大部分書的主題。在她的書中，她透過作品與繪圖提供一個外國觀光客對於臺灣社會的看法。
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2-1 ...because of an invitation from her
friend.
→
...because her friend invited her.
because of + N表示「因為……，由於……」。關於because of和because互換的用法because
+ S + V... → because of + N可參見第二冊Unit 6句型1。
2-2 ...was amazed by this "strange" place, but...between
Taiwan and Japan
(1) be amazed by/at + N為「對某事感到驚奇」之意。
‧Judy was
amazed by the beautiful fireworks display tonight.
使用情緒動詞變化的形容詞時，須注意主被動的差別，主動須用現在分詞 (V-ing) 表示，被動須用過去分詞 (Vpp) 表示。常用的情緒動詞尚有interest、excite、bore、surprise等。
‧It was a boring speech. We all felt bored.
‧Everyone was
surprised at the surprising news.
(2) between A and B 在A和B之間
‧This is a secret between you and me.
2-3 ...as a Japanese woman in Taiwan
as在此作「身為，以……身分」解。
‧As a
parent, you should take good care of your children.
2-4 ...through her writings and drawings.
(1) through prep. 透過，經由
‧I got to know Terri through her website.
(2) writings在此為複數形，表示「某人所有的作品」。
‧Carl
enjoys reading Shakespeare’s writings.
青木注意到，當談到表現自我的時候，臺灣人比日本人自由得多。舉例來說，在臺灣的KTV，別人在唱歌時你可以自由地交談。然而在日本，你必須恭敬地聆聽，甚至在最糟的歌者唱完後還得讚美他們。此外，對日本人來說，一首歌剛唱完後隨即又點唱同一首歌會被認為很沒有禮貌。然而，這在臺灣卻不成問題。
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3-1 ...much freer than the Japanese.
句型分析
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much/far/a lot +
形容詞／副詞比較級
此用法強調比較的差異很大，譯為「……得多」。
‧Luke is much older than Jack.
‧Peter runs far more slowly than David.
‧Cherries cost a lot more than oranges.
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3-2 For instance, at a Taiwanese KTV, one is free to talk while
someone else is singing.
(1) for instance = for example 舉例來說
(2) while 表示「某段短時間裡正在發生的事」，而when則表示「某段期間的狀況」。
‧Please
turn off the TV while you are studying.
‧When I feel sad, I listen to happy songs.
3-3 ...respectfully and even praise the worst singers
after they have finished.
(1) respectfully adv. 恭敬地
‧We bowed to the king respectfully.
(2) 為了表示兩個動作發生的先後順序，因此先發生的用「完成式」，後發生的用「簡單式」。
‧I have
finished my homework before I eat dinner.
此用法也常見於過去式，此時動詞則分別改為過去完成式與過去簡單式。
‧The train
had left when I reached the station.
3-4 ...it is considered rude [to sing the same song right after
it has been sung].
原句為 ...to sing the same song right after it has been sung
is considered rude.，此句真正的主詞為不定詞to sing...been sung，但因為主詞過長，故用it當虛主詞來代替真主詞置於句首，避免句子出現頭重腳輕的狀況。
根據青木的說法，在臺灣，多數人並不在意個人空間。她觀察到多數臺灣人並不介意跟對方靠近。有時候，女孩們走路時甚至會手牽著手。這對日本人來說是多麼奇怪啊！在日本，人們走路的時候總是和對方相隔很遠。
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4-1 ...girls may even hold hands while walking.
→ ...girls
may even hold hands while they are walking.
此句因主詞皆為girls，故從屬子句的主詞可以省略，再將其後的動詞改為現在分詞(V-ing)，若從屬子句本身已是進行式，則將be動詞省略即可。此句型可參見第一冊Unit 3句型2。
4-2 How strange this would be to Japanese people!
本句為以how為首的感嘆句用法，多用於表示感嘆、讚嘆語氣，詳見本課句型解析1。
‧How great the idea sounds!
有些臺灣的習俗對青木而言很有意思，但她也不諱言一些困擾她的事。其中一個例子就是使用洗手間的習慣。青木指出，把髒的衛生紙丟到垃圾桶裡是個令人作嘔的習慣。在日本，人們都是把用過的衛生紙丟到馬桶裡沖掉。即使是現在，青木還在盡力適應這個臺灣人的習慣。
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5-1 While some Taiwanese customs are funny to Aoki, she is not afraid
to mention the things [that bother her].
(1) while在此為連接詞，其意義等同although，為「雖然，儘管」之意。while在此的作用為強調某事雖然為真
(some Taiwanese customs are funny to Aoki)，但仍有其他因素不可被忽略
(the things that bother her)，故此處不宜作「當……的時候」解。
‧While Dana
said nothing, she in fact disagreed with her mother.
(2) be afraid to V/of N 害怕……
‧Sam is afraid to touch snakes.
‧Nancy is afraid of spiders.
(3) that bother her為關係代名詞that所引導的關係子句限定用法，修飾前面的先行詞the things。此句型可參見第二冊Unit 5句型1。
5-2 ...the habit of using...
the habit of V-ing ……的習慣
‧Molly has
the habit of brushing her teeth twice before she goes to bed.
5-3 ...[putting dirty toilet paper into a trash can] is
a disgusting habit.
(1) 此句主詞為動名詞putting...can，當動名詞或不定詞作主詞時，皆視為單數，故後面動詞使用第三人稱單數形is。此句型可參見第一冊Unit
5句型1。
(2) put A into B 將A放入B
‧Lisa put
her dirty clothes into the washing machine.
5-4 ...used toilet paper down the toilet.
此處use的過去分詞used作toilet paper的形容詞，表示被動，即toilet
paper是「被使用過的」。
青木現在已經住在臺灣超過七年了。讓她把這裡當成第二個家的就是臺灣人的親切。她認為臺灣人民就是這個國家最棒的資源，而她也常常描寫她所遇到的有趣的人。除了她的書以外，青木也幫日本的雜誌寫文章，向其他的日本人介紹臺灣。對在臺灣的人來說，聆聽一個像青木這樣的外人談論他們的文化，不但可以提供對自己國家全新的觀點，對他們而言也是受歡迎、開啟眼界的事情。
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6-1 ...Aoki has lived in Taiwan
「for + 一段時間」的時間副詞主要和完成式連用。
‧Laura has
gone to Japan for one week.
6-2 [What made her adopt this island as her second home] is....
(1) What made...home為本句主詞，為以what為首所引導的名詞子句，視為單數，故後接第三人稱單數動詞is；此句亦可改寫為
The thing(s) which/that made her...home。
‧What you did is really terrible!
→ The
thing that you did is really terrible!
(2) as在此為「當作……」之意。
‧I see Emily as my best friend.
6-3 She considers Taiwanese people to be the country’s
greatest resource, and she often writes about the interesting people
[that she meets].
(1) consider A to be B 將A視為B
此處的to be可以省略。
句型分析
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S + consider + O
(+ to be) + OC (N/Adj)
認為……是……
‧The boss considers Michael a good worker.
‧Lots of people consider this movie to be
exciting.
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(2) that she meets為關係子句，修飾先行詞the
interesting people，that可改為whom；由於that/whom在此句中是受格的緣故，故也可直接省略不寫。
6-4 I n
addition to her books...introduces Taiwan
(1) in addition to = besides 除了……之外
‧In
addition to swimming, I love hiking as well.
(2) introduce A to B 把A介紹給B
‧I introduced Jane to my mom yesterday.
6-5 To people in Taiwan, [listening
to an outsider like Aoki talk about their culture] can also offer them
a fresh perspective on their country...eye-opener....
(1) listening to...culture為以動名詞作主詞的用法，可參見第一冊Unit 5句型1。
(2) listen to an outsider...talk...
句型分析
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listen to sb +
V/V-ing 聽某人(說)……
listen to的用法與感官動詞see、watch、hear 、feel等相同，後接受詞，再接原形動詞；強調動作「正在」進行時，則可用現在分詞 (V-ing)。感官動詞的用法可參見第二冊Unit 8句型1。
‧I listened to Joe singing a love song.
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(3) them一詞指的便是people in Taiwan。
(4) a perspective
on sth 看某事的角度
‧The report
put a different perspective on world economy.
(5) eye-opener 為複合字，而eye-opening為其形容詞，表示「打開眼界的」。
字詞搭配
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open sb’s eyes
to sth 使某人看清某事
‧Oscar’s behavior opened my eyes to his
real intention.
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