B2U3 GRAMMAR

Grammar

1  that 子句當作受詞： S + say / know / hope / realize / explain + that子句

→ 此句型為及物動詞句型S + V + O的一種。在這個句型裡，that引導的子句當前方動詞的受詞，此時的that子句為名詞子句。也由於that子句在這個句型中當受詞，所以that可省略。

例：The mayor said that he was forced to run for president.

市長說他被迫參選總統。

Peggy hopes that it won’t rain tomorrow.

Peggy希望明天不會下雨。

練習：重組句子。

1. had hurt / her words / that / Ariel / Daniel’s feelings. / didn’t realize

__Ariel didn’t realize that her words had hurt Daniel’s feelings.__

2. that / some students / their homework. / knows / haven’t handed in / The teacher

__The teacher knows that some students haven’t handed in their homework.__

2  感官動詞： S + see / watch / hear / listen to + O + V / V-ing

→ 感官動詞為及物動詞的一種，也就是動詞的後方必須加上動詞。這類動詞多半帶有跟身體感覺相關的意思，表示「看到」、「聽到」、「感覺到」等。假如這個句型中的受詞為主動執行動作者時，受詞後方必須加上原形動詞(V)或現在分詞(V-ing)。加原形動詞時，強調的是「事實」、「狀態」，或「動作的完整過程」，而加現在分詞時，則強調「動作正在進行」。除此之外，假如受詞為被動接受動作者時，受詞後方會加上過去分詞(Vpp)。

例：I can hear my sister singing in the garden.

我可以聽見我姐姐在花園裡唱歌。

Alice watched her daughter eat up all the cookies.

Alice看著她女兒吃光了所有餅乾。

Elsa saw Jack punished by his father.

Elsa看到Jack被他爸爸處罰。

練習：圈出正確的答案(可複選)。

1. I would like to watch you (playing / played / to play / play) the piano.

2. The boss saw the glass (break / breaking / to break / broken) by Warner.

3. Ivy sat in her room and listened to her idol (spoken / to speak / speak / speaking) on radio.

3  be busy + V-ing / with N

→ busy後面接動名詞(V-ing)，表示「忙於、忙著做某事」。如果要接名詞的話，則必須先加上介系詞with，再接名詞，表示「忙於、忙著某事」。

例：Mandy is busy studying for the exam next week.

Mandy忙著為下週的考試讀書。

Nancy has been busy with her history report lately.

Nancy近來忙於她的歷史報告。

練習：根據中譯完成句子。

1. Kevin忙著打掃他的房間。

Kevin is busy __cleaning__ his room.

2. Neil忙於他的工作。

Neil is busy __with__ his work.

4  surprised / surprising

→ 動詞surprise (使驚奇，使感到意外)寫成過去分詞surprised時，可當形容詞使用，表示「感到吃驚的，感到驚訝的」，主詞通常是人。如果surprised後方要加上感到吃驚的原因或對象時，會先加上介系詞at，再接該原因或對象。另外，寫成現在分詞surprising時，同樣可當形容詞使用，這時候的意思為「令人吃驚的，令人驚訝的」。

例：Yvonne is surprised at the result of the game.

Yvonne對比賽的結果感到驚訝。

The result of the game is surprising.

比賽的結果真令人驚訝。

練習：根據中譯完成句子。(每格不限填一字)

1. 人們對雨量感到驚訝。

People are __surprised at__ the rainfall.

2. 雨量真令人吃驚。

The rainfall is __surprising__.

5  because of + N

→ because of為介系詞片語，後面須接名詞或名詞片語，表示「原因」。

例：Because of the rain, the baseball game was canceled.

因為下雨，棒球賽被取消了。

Sean would do everything for his partner because of love.

因為愛，Sean會為他的伴侶做任何事。

練習：重組句子。

1. we / the bad weather, / Because of / go outside. / couldn’t

__Because of the bad weather, we couldn’t go outside.__

2. her cat / an accident. / lost / because of / Anna

__Anna lost her cat because of an accident.__

TRY IT!

選出正確的答案。

(  A  ) 1. The manager has been busy ________ his project recently.

(A) with    (B) at    (C) to    (D) of

(  B  ) 2. Gina said ________ she would come to my party today.

(A) what    (B) that    (C) which    (D) who

(  A  ) 3. We know ________ Mr. Han is a director.

(A) that    (B) which    (C) who    (D) those

(  C  ) 4. Andrew watched the dog ________ the road.

(A) crossed    (B) crosses    (C) crossing    (D) to cross

(  D  ) 5. ________ Karen’s miss, her team lost the game.

(A) Because    (B) Instead of    (C) Since    (D) Because of

(  D  ) 6. I am listening to my classmates ________ loudly.

(A) to talk    (B) talked    (C) talks    (D) talk

(  C  ) 7. My neighbor heard a ________ news this morning.

(A) surprise    (B) surprises    (C) surprising    (D) surprised

(  D  ) 8. John achieved his goal ________ his hard work.

(A) because    (B) since    (C) instead of    (D) because of

(  B  ) 9. Everyone was ________ at the news.

(A) surprising    (B) surprised    (C) surprises    (D) surprise

(  C  ) 10. The cooks are busy ________ for the meal.

(A) prepare    (B) prepared    (C) preparing    (D) prepares