B2U4 GRAMMAR

Grammar

1  if條件子句：if + S + V, S + Aux + V

→ 這個句型中，以if開頭的子句來表示可能發生的情況，或事件成立的可能條件，意為「如果……」；而主要子句則為條件成立後，將導致的結果。其中if子句的時態為現在簡單式，主要子句中則須在動詞前加上助動詞(will、can、may、should等)。

例：If it rains tomorrow, the soccer game will be canceled.

如果明天下雨，足球賽就會被取消。

If you tell me the truth, I may forgive you.

如果你告訴我事實，我可能會原諒你。

練習：重組句子。

1. you should / If you / ask the teacher. / still have any questions,

__If you still have any questions, you should ask the teacher.__

2. you can’t / don’t have a ticket, / get in the theater. / If you

__If you don’t have a ticket, you can’t get in the theater.__

2  使役動詞(主動用法)：make / let / have + O + V

→ make、let、have皆為使役動詞，表示「使、讓」之意。當這些使役動詞後方的受詞為「主動做出動作者」時，須接原形動詞。

例：Miranda made Ricky help her move the heavy box.

Miranda要Ricky幫她移動很重的箱子。

Sunny’s parents let her stay at her friend’s home for a night.

Sunny的爸媽讓她在朋友家待一晚。

Mr. Laurence had his daughter decorate the Christmas tree.

Laurence先生叫他女兒裝飾耶誕樹。

練習：圈出正確的答案。

1. Elsa had Leo (fixed / fix / to fix / fixes) her computer.

2. The boss makes the workers (to work / working / work / worked) overtime every day.

3. The teacher lets his students (checked / to check / check / to checking) their books during the exam.

3  by + N / V-ing

→ 以介系詞by加上名詞或動名詞，可組成介系詞片語。by + N / V­ing為「藉由……，透過……」之意。

例：Helena traveled to Tainan by train.

Helena搭乘火車前往臺南。

Emily made the drink by mixing lemon juice and soda together.

Emily透過混合檸檬汁和汽水製作飲料。

練習：重組句子。

1. telling / cheered up / some jokes. / his sister / Brian / by

__Brian cheered up his sister by telling some jokes.__

2. and her brother / by letter. / stay in touch / Jennifer

__Jennifer and her brother stay in touch by letter.__

4  exciting / excited

→ 動詞excite (使刺激，使興奮)寫成現在分詞exciting時，可當形容詞使用，表示「刺激的，興奮的」。另外，寫成過去分詞excited時，同樣可當形容詞使用，這時候的意思為「感到刺激的，感到興奮的」，主詞通常是人。如果excited後方要加上感到興奮的原因或對象時，會先加上介系詞about，再接該原因或對象。

例：The show was exciting. I can never forget it.

表演好刺激。我永遠不會忘記。

Ms. Feng is excited about the trip to Tokyo next month.

馮小姐對下個月的東京之旅感到興奮。

練習：根據中譯完成句子。(每格不限填一字)

1. 據說最新的動作電影很刺激

It is said that the newest action movie is very __exciting__.

2. Chris對今天晚上的約會很興奮。

Chris is very __excited about__ the date tonight.

5  it + be (not) + Adj + that子句

→ 此句型用來「表達事實」或「發表意見」。it為虛主詞，用來代替後方真主詞，也就是由that所引導的名詞子句。除此之外，在這個句型中，由於用形容詞來修飾that子句，所以須用修飾「事物」的形容詞。

例：It is wonderful that our friendship has lasted for such a long time.

我們的友誼維持這麼長一段時間真是美好。

It was terrible that the flood destroyed the small village.

洪水摧毀了這個小村莊真是可怕。

練習：根據句型合併句子。

1.  A strange man asked me for my phone number.

That was terrible.

__It was terrible that a strange man asked me for my phone number.__

2.  The twin sisters have very different personalities.

That is interesting.

__It is interesting that the twin sisters have very different personalities.__

TRY IT!

選出正確的答案。

(  C  ) 1. My parents made me ________ to the cram school.

(A) gone    (B) goes    (C) go    (D) went

(  A  ) 2. If Eddie ________ the website, he can get more information.

(A) visits    (B) visiting    (C) to visit    (D) visit

(  D  ) 3. It was amazing ________ the little boy could answer the difficult question.

(A) what    (B) which    (C) this    (D) that

(  A  ) 4. Ivy meets new friends by ________ to many parties.

(A) going    (B) went    (C) goes    (D) gone

(  C  ) 5. All of my classmates are excited ________ the basketball game.

(A) in    (B) on    (C) about    (D) with

(  B  ) 6. If tomorrow ________ a sunny day, I will go hiking.

(A) was    (B) is    (C) be    (D) has

(  B  ) 7. With the special glasses, you can enjoy the ________ game.

(A) excited    (B) exciting    (C) excite    (D) excites

(  D  ) 8. It is certain ________ new technologies will continue to develop.

(A) , which    (B) which    (C) , that    (D) that

(  D  ) 9. The doctor had the sick boy ________ the medicine three times a day.

(A) took    (B) takes    (C) taken    (D) take

(  C  ) 10. By ________ the app, you can add something to the photos.

(A) use    (B) used    (C) using    (D) to using