Unit 4
difficulty
1.
S + have + trouble
(+ in) + Ving
a hard time
說明 此句型用以表示「在……方面有困難，很難做到……」。其中in常被省略而直接接動名詞(Ving)。
例句 1. You may have
difficulty (in) eating exotic cuisine.
(你可能覺得異國風味的菜餚難以下嚥。)
2. Nowadays, many
parents have trouble (in) communicating with their teenage children. (現今，許多父母很難跟他們青少年的孩子溝通。)
3. The restaurant is so
popular that we have a hard time (in) making a reservation. (這間餐廳太有人氣，以至於我們很難訂到位。)
練習 1. It was difficult for
me to understand the Indian man's English. (difficulty)
(改寫句子)
→ I had
difficulty understanding the Indian man's English.
2. It was hard for Wendy
to carry the heavy box up the stairs. (a
hard time)
(改寫句子)
→ Wendy had a
hard time carrying the heavy box up the stairs.
2. A + be + Adjer/more Adj + than + B
→ B + be + less Adj + than + A
→ B + be +
not + as Adj as + A
說明 第一個句型為形容詞比較級的用法，表示「A比B較為……」；而第二個句型是第一個的反向說法，為劣等比較，表示「B不比A……」；第三個則為形容詞原級比較的否定用法，表示「B不如A……」。
例句 1. Chicken is tastier
than fried frog legs.
→ Fried frog legs are less
tasty than Chicken.
→ Fried frog legs are not as tasty as
Chicken. (炸蛙腿不如雞肉美味。)
2. Kenny's parents are stricter
than my parents.
→ My parents are less strict than Kenny's
parents.
→ My parents are not as strict as Kenny's
parents.
(我父母不如Kenny父母嚴格。)
3. To me, learning French is more difficult
than learning English.
→ To me, learning English is less difficult
than learning English.
→ To me, leaning English is not as difficult
as learning French.
(對我來說，學英文不如學法文困難。)
練習 1. The new medicine is
more effective than the old medicine.
→ The old medicine is not
as effect as the new medicine .
2. Nina's idea is more
appealing than Eric's.
→ Eric's idea is less appealing than
Nina's .
3. ...N, who/whom/which
說明 非限定用法的關係子句用來說明對象很明確的先行詞，前面須有逗點隔開，且關係子句省略後主句的意義仍然完整。注意，此句型中的關係代名詞不可省略，且不可用that替換詞that不適用於此句型。
例句 1. I have tasted sheep's
eyeballs, which are served to the guest of honor.
(我品嚐過用來招待貴賓的羊眼珠。)
2. I'm going to travel
to the United States with my best friend Alex, whom I have known for 10
years. (我將和我認識了十年的摯友Alex一起去美國旅行。)
3. Mrs. Taylor 's daughter, who just finished her studies in France
練習 1. 穿著灰色西裝的經理會處理你的投訴。
The manager, who is wearing a gray suit, will deal with your
complaints.
2. 我們住在這間我祖父建造的房子已經50年了。
The house, which is
built by my grandfather, has been our home for 50 years.
4. so...that...
說明 so...that...表示「如此……以至於……」的意思，so後面可接形容詞或副詞，而that引導表示「結果」的子句。
例句 1. The boiled fish was so
spicy that I felt like it could burn a hole in my tongue.
(水煮魚是如此地辣以至於我好像覺得它能在我舌頭燒一個。)
2. Karen was so
delighted that she started dancing.
(Karen是如此地愉快以至於她開始跳舞。)
3. Larry was talking so
fast that I didn't catch a word he said.
(Larry說話如此地快以致於他說的話我一個字也沒聽到。)
練習 1. 數學老師說的話是如此地令人困惑以至於Peter請他再解釋一次。
What the math teacher said was so confusing that Peter asked him to explain again.
2. Tony 是如此地難過以至於他哭個不停。
Tony was so u upset that he couldn't stop crying.
5. A rather than B 是A而不是B
說明 rather than用來連接兩個文法上有對等關係的字詞，表達「而不是……」之意，其後可接名詞、形容詞、不定詞、動名詞和副詞等。連接兩個不定詞時rather than後面的不定詞通常省略to。
例句 1. It is the thought rather
than the taste that spoils your appetite.
(破壞你食慾的是你的想法而不是味道。)
2. Kyle bought that
expensive car out of desire rather than necessity.
(Kyle買那輛昂貴的車子是出於浪費而非需要。)
3. Vincent decided to go
jogging rather than watch TV.
(Vincent決定去慢跑而不是看電視。)
練習 1. 我母親在她的沙拉裡用了醋而不是美乃滋。
My mother used vinegar rather than mayonnaise in her salad.
2. Irene選擇找出問題的解決方法而不是忽略它。
Irene chose to find a
solution to the problem rather than ignore it.
實力評量
( B ) 1. People who don't exercise are than those who do.
(A) healthy (B) less healthy (C) less healthier (D) not as health
(A) healthy (B) less healthy (C) less healthier (D) not as health
( C ) 2. We had difficulty into the department store when it was having a sale.
(A) get (B) to get (C) getting (D) to getting
(A) get (B) to get (C) getting (D) to getting
( B ) 3. My parents always try to encourage me scold (責罵) me when I make mistakes.
(A) instead of (B) rather than (C) instead than (D) rather of
(A) instead of (B) rather than (C) instead than (D) rather of
( B ) 4. It was Amy's kind heart her look that made me fall in love with her.
(A) instead (B) rather than (C) rather of (D) instead than
(A) instead (B) rather than (C) rather of (D) instead than
( A ) 5. My brother has trouble the writing on the blackboard without his
glasses.
(A) in seeing (B) in see (C) to seeing (D) to see
(A) in seeing (B) in see (C) to seeing (D) to see
( A ) 6. The writer's new book is his last one. I like the last one better.
(A) not as interesting as (B) less interesting as
(C) more interesting than (D) as interesting as
(A) not as interesting as (B) less interesting as
(C) more interesting than (D) as interesting as
( B ) 7. Sam likes the girl much he would do
whatever she says.
(A) too; that (B) so; that (C) very; to (D) so; to
(A) too; that (B) so; that (C) very; to (D) so; to
( D ) 8. Maggie I have always liked a lot, accepted my movie invitation.
(A) , that (B) that (C) who (D), whom
(A) , that (B) that (C) who (D), whom
( A ) 9. The stinky tofu smells bad that Helen can't take a bite.
(A) so (B) very (C) too (D) much
(A) so (B) very (C) too (D) much
( B ) 10. The house was destroyed by the typhoon, used to be our home.
(A) which (B), which (C), that (D) that
(A) which (B), which (C), that (D) that
II. 重組句子：將以下各句重組並做適當修改。
1. understood/John/himself/hard
time/had/a/making
John had a
hard time making himself understood.
2. true
love/To me,/valuable/not as /money is/as
To me, money
is not as valuable as true love.
3. when
seeing/rather than/the strange fish/was curious/Sheila/afraid
Sheila was
curious rather than afraid when seeing the strange fish.
4. William/talking
to/shy/was so/blushed/that/he/while/me
William was so
shy that he blushed while talking to me.
5. will/Dorothy,/whom/my
birthday party/at the concert,/I met/attend
Dorothy, whom
I met at the concert, will attend my birthday party.
III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。
1. Ron很頑固，而我們很難說服他改變心意。
Ron was very stubborn, and we had a hard time p persuading him to change his mind.
Ron was very stubborn, and we had a hard time p persuading him to change his mind.
2. Jessica雖然外表不比Ashley吸引人，但她比Ashley親切。
Although Jessica is less attractive than Ashley in appearance, she is friendlier than Ashley.
Although Jessica is less attractive than Ashley in appearance, she is friendlier than Ashley.
3. 這部電影是根據真實事件而不是小說所改編。
This movie is based on a true story rather than fiction.
This movie is based on a true story rather than fiction.
4. 我因為明天的約會感到如此地興奮以至於我無法入睡。
I was so excited about the date tomorrow that I couldn't sleep.
I was so excited about the date tomorrow that I couldn't sleep.
5. 河裡有許多水燈，據說是用來給迷路的鬼魂指引方向的。
On the river there are several paper lanterns, which are believed to give lost ghost directions.
On the river there are several paper lanterns, which are believed to give lost ghost directions.
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