UNIT 2
說明
1. 此句型介紹如何將被動語態的限定用法關係子句簡化為過去分詞片語。
2. 其簡化方式為將關係子句中的關係代名詞及be動詞省略，只保留過去分詞即可。
例句
1. I quickly discovered that I had plenty which/that
was left to learn, especially regarding the informal English which/that
was often used there.
→ I quickly discovered that I had plenty left to learn,
especially regarding the informal English often used there.
(我很快就發現還有很多東西要學，特別是關於當地常用的口語英文。)
2. The girl who/that is named
→ The girl named
Alice is my best friend.
(那個名叫Alice的女生是我最好的朋友。)
3. Ian freed a rabbit which/that was caught in a trap
in the forest yesterday.
→ Ian freed a
rabbit caught in a trap in the forest yesterday.
(Ian昨天在森林裡放走了一隻被陷阱困住的兔子。)
2. Tag Question
說明
1. 附加在直述句之後的簡短問句稱為「附加問句」。常用於徵詢對方的同意或意見。
2. 主要子句為肯定時，附加問句則為否定，反之亦然。注意若主要子句裡有seldom、never、hardly 等含否定意味的字，則句意視為否定，須用肯定附加問句。
3. 附加問句的主詞須用代名詞，且時態和(助)動詞皆須和主要子句一致。但若主要子句為祈使句且表「命令」時，附加問句用will you；表「邀請」時用won’t you。若以Let’s開頭的祈使句表肯定時，附加問句用shall we；否定時，則用OK或all right 。
例句
1. He didn’t want me to look above him, did
he?
(他應該不是要我往他頭上看，對吧？)
2. Sarah is supposed to finish the report
by tomorrow, isn’t she?
(Sarah應該在明天以前完成這份報告，不是嗎？)
3. Pay more attention to your schoolwork, will
you?
(多注意你的學業，好嗎？)
3. N +
who/which/that + V... → N + V-ing...
說明
1. 關係子句中的關係代名詞若為主格時，可將關係代名詞省略，並將關係子句中的動詞改為現在分詞(V-ing)，簡化成現在分詞片語。
2. 若關係子句為進行式，則省略關係代名詞及be動詞，保留V-ing 即可。
例句
1. As a student who/that learned English in
→ As a student learning English in Taiwan, I had always been
confident of my ability to speak English.
(身為在臺灣學英語的學生，我對自己講英語的能力一直很有自信。)
2. The children laughed at the clown who/that jumped
up and down like a monkey.
→ The children
laughed at the clown jumping up and down like a monkey.
(小孩們嘲笑那個像猴子一樣跳上跳下的小丑。)
3. I like to make friends with people who/that share
the same interests with me.
→ I like to
make friends with people sharing the same interests with me.
(我喜歡和跟我有同樣興趣的人交朋友。)
4. wh-
+ S + V → wh- + to V
說明
以疑問詞引導的名詞子句可將名詞子句主詞省略，再將助動詞(should/can)去掉改為to V，形成名詞片語。
例句
1. At first, I didn’t know how I should respond.
→ At first, I
didn’t know how to respond. (起初，我不知道該怎麼回答。)
2. Being asked such an embarrassing question, Mike
didn’t know what he could say.
→ Being asked such an embarrassing question, Mike didn’t know what
to say. (被問了如此尷尬的問題，Mike不知道要說什麼。)
3. They haven’t decided where they should go this
weekend.
→ They haven’t
decided where to go this weekend.
(他們還沒有決定這個週末要去哪裡。)
5. S +
V...if/whether + S + V....
說明
1. 此句型中的if或whether為從屬連接詞，用以引導名詞子句，表示
「是否……」。
2. 由whether引導的名詞子句，可在句末加上or not。
例句
1. I didn’t attempt to clarify if “a good one”
meant a good day, a good trip, or even a good life.
(我沒有試圖去分辨「好的」是指好的一天，好的旅行，或甚至是好的人生。)
2. Kelly was not sure if she should break up with
her boyfriend.
(Kelly不確定她是否該跟她的男朋友分手。)
3. Paul is curious to know whether Lisa is married or
not.
(Paul很好奇Lisa是否結婚了。)
實力評量
( ) 1. I
asked the shopkeeper ________ he could offer me a better price.
(A) but (B) if (C)
though (D) or
( ) 2. The man ________ the kids a story is my
father.
(A) telling (B) tells (C) tell (D) told
( ) 3. May asked me what ________ to lose weight.
(A) should eat (B) eating (C) to eat (D) eat
( ) 4. Children often ________ by their parents
have more confidence in themselves.
(A) be encouraged
(B) encourage
(C) encouraged (D)
encouraging
( ) 5. The student ________ by the teacher is Jack.
(A) punish (B) punished (C) punishing (D) to punish
( ) 6. I work for a company ________ washing
machines.
(A) manufacture (B) to manufacture
(C) manufactured (D) manufacturing
( ) 7. People ________ loudly in the library will
be asked to leave.
(A) talking (B) to talk (C) talk (D) to talking
( ) 8. Most products ________ in
(A) make (B) making (C) are made (D) made
( ) 9. The troubled teenager didn’t know whom
________ for help.
(A) ask (B) asked (C) asking (D) to ask
( ) 10. Susan can’t remember ________ she has
returned the money to Jim or not.
(A)
whether (B) as (C) when (D) though
II. 配合題：從下列框中選出最適當的答案，以完成句子。
|
(A) ...shall we? (B) ...don’t you? (C) ...will he? (D) ...isn’t it? (E) ...should he? |
____ 1. You lie to me all the time, ...
____ 2. Ian won’t mind if I use his
computer, ...
____ 3. It is difficult to learn a foreign
language, ...
____ 4. Peter shouldn’t blame me for the
mistake, ...
____ 5. Let’s go out and have fun, ...
III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。
1. 孩子們明天必須早起，不是嗎？
The kids have to get up early tomorrow, ________ ________?
2. 住在隔壁的人家常常在晚上製造很大的噪音。
The family ________ next door often makes loud noises at night.
3. 我想知道Vanessa是不是故意要讓我傷心。
I want to know ________ Vanessa broke my heart on purpose ________
________.
4. 很多人問我要去哪裡買我身上穿的美麗洋裝。
Many people asked me ________ ________ ________ the beautiful dress
that I was wearing.
5. 因空氣污染所造成的全球暖化可能會成為人類生存的威脅。
Global warming c________ ________ air pollution may become a threat
to human survival.
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