UNIT 3
說明
此句型表示「做某事須花費(某人)多少時間」，it是虛主詞，代替後面真正的主詞to V；而take在此表示「花費／需要(時間)」，O (受詞)可視句意增減。
例句
1. It took nature only a few seconds
to change millions of people’s lives there forever.
(大自然只花了幾秒鐘時間，就使那裡幾百萬人的生活永遠改變。)
2. It will take us a whole week to
clean up the mess.
(清理這團髒亂需要花上我們一整個星期。)
3. It takes a sapling many years to
become a tall tree, but it takes only a few minutes to cut
down the tree.
(一株樹苗需要好幾年才能長成大樹，但砍掉這棵樹卻只要花幾分鐘。)
2. If + S + had
(not) Vpp..., S + would/could/should/might (not) + have Vpp....
說明
此句型在介紹與過去事實相反的假設語氣，由if所引導的子句用過去完成式，而主要子句則須在過去式助動詞之後接完成式。
例句
1. If Michael Jackson hadn’t written the original
song, the 2010 version might never have been recorded.
(假如Michael Jackson當時沒有寫這首歌，2010年的版本就不可能被錄製了。)
2. If my parents had not kept encouraging me, I could
not have overcome so many difficulties.
(假如我的父母當時沒有持續鼓勵我，我就無法克服這麼多的困難。)
3. If the boy had got lost in the forest, he might
have been attacked by the wolves.
(假如當時男孩在森林裡迷路，他可能會遭到狼群攻擊。)
3. S + V1...
+ without + N/V2-ing....
說明
without為介系詞，故之後須接名詞或動名詞(V-ing)，接動名詞時主詞須與前面一致，以表達主詞沒有做的動作。
例句
1. Survivors were left without food or clean
water.
(存活下來的人沒有食物或乾淨的水可用。)
2. Abby married Kevin without her parents’
permission.
(Abby沒有得到父母的允許就嫁給Kevin。)
3. Tom left without saying goodbye.
(Tom沒有道別就離開了。)
4. There
be + N + V-ing/Vpp....
說明
1. 此句型表示「人或事物存在的情況」，省略關係代名詞與be動詞。
2. 如果名詞(N)表示「主動」，則後面接現在分詞(V-ing)，若表示「被動」，則後面接過去分詞(Vpp)。
例句
1. There are people dying.
(有些人正逐漸死亡。)
2. There is a man giving away
balloons in the park.
(有個人在公園裡分送氣球。)
3. There was an old house surrounded
by tall trees here.
(這裡曾有一間被大樹圍繞的老房子。)
5. It is/was time
(+ for sb) to V....
說明
此句型表示「該是(某人)……的時候了」之意，常用於口語。
例句
1. It’s time to lend a hand
to life.
(是該伸出援手的時候了。)
2. It is time for the kids to go to
bed.
(孩子們該上床睡覺了。)
3. The party ended, and it was time for us
to leave.
(派對結束了，該是我們要離開的時候了。)
實力評量
( ) 1. It
________ Luke only five minutes to finish his lunch.
(A) spent (B)
took (C) cost (D)
needed
( ) 2. Paige left her house in a hurry ________
locking the door.
(A) without (B) with (C) of (D) by
( ) 3. There were a lot of fans ________ for the
superstar to arrive at the airport.
(A) to wait (B) waiting (C) wait (D) waited
( ) 4. It is time ________ the students ________
hard for the coming exam.
(A) for; to study (B) to; to study (C) for; study (D) to; study
( ) 5. If I ________ your message, I would have
called you back.
(A) had seen (B) have seen (C) saw (D) see
( ) 6. It usually ________ four years ________
college education.
(A) spends; finishing (B)
takes; finishing
(C) spends; to finish (D)
takes; to finish
( ) 7. If Johnson hadn’t missed the train, he
________ late for the meeting.
(A) would be (B) would have
been
(C) wouldn’t be (D) wouldn’t have been
( ) 8. Hurry, Cathy! It’s time ________ to school.
(A) to go (B) going (C) go (D) to going
( ) 9. There was a student ________ by a bus in
front of our school yesterday.
(A) hit (B) hitting (C) to hit (D) to be hit
( ) 10. My father has been working for hours without
________ a rest.
(A)
take (B) to take (C) taking (D) taken
II. 改錯：挑出語法有誤的選項，並加以改正。
( ) ____________ 1. If I didn’t take her advice,
I would have made a big mistake.
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
( ) ____________
2. There was a girl smiled at me at the coffee shop, but I
didn’t
(A) (B)
(C)
know who she was.
(D)
( ) ____________ 3. Spring is coming. It is time for
the farmers to growing crops.
(A)
(B) (C) (D)
( ) ____________ 4. Our team won the game without
difficult.
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
( ) ____________ 5. It takes only a few seconds sending
an e-mail.
(A)(B) (C)
(D)
III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。
1. 假如Patrick當初真的愛你，他就不會跟別的女生約會了。
If Patrick ________ truly ________ you, he ________ ________
________ another girl.
2. 在非洲，每天都有很多人死於饑餓。
In
3. 警察花了兩年的時間才找出兇手。
It ________ the police two years ________ ________ out who the
killer was.
4. 沒有收到邀請就不能參加這個派對。
You cannot go to the party ________ the invitation.
5. 既然你太太有孕在身，你是該停止抽菸了。
Since your wife is pregnant, it is ________ ________ you ________
________ smoking.
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