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文法句型
課文句型：受詞補語為形容詞
S + find/keep/leave + O + Adj
說明：當受詞補語為形容詞時，表示「狀態或處於……情況下」。
• The housework kept me busy all
morning.
• Don’t disturb Mary; just leave her alone.
She is in a bad mood.
• The hikers found the house empty.
It seemed to have been deserted by its owner.
課文句型：受詞補語為現在分詞
S + find/keep/leave + O + V-ing
說明：當受詞補語為現在分詞時，表示「動作正在進行或為主動」。
• Robert opened the door and found a
stranger lying outside his house.
• Punctuality is important; we should not keep
our friends waiting for us.
• John’s girlfriend ran away and left
him standing in the rain.
課文句型：受詞補語為過去分詞
S + find/keep/leave + O + P.P.
說明：當受詞補語為過去分詞時，表示「被動」。
• My mother found two eggs crushed
at the bottom of the bag.
• The heartbroken mother died, leaving
three children uncared for.
補充句型：受詞補語為介系詞片語
S + find/keep/leave + O + 介系詞片語
說明：當受詞補語為介系詞片語時，通常表示「時間、地方」。
• Finally, Lucy found her ring not in
the safe but in the cabinet.
• Little Andy kept his precious diary in
a small box under his bed.
• Hearing the doorbell ring, May left
her baby in the cradle and ran to open the door.
補充句型：使役動詞
S + have/make/let + O + VR
說明：原形動詞作受詞補語，說明該動作為受詞所做。
• I am not good at English; therefore, English
tests always make me feel nervous.
• Alison had her son drive to the
airport to pick up her sister.
S + have/make + O + P.P.
說明：過去分詞作受詞補語，說明受詞為該動作的接受者。
• There is something wrong with Tony’s eyes. He
is going to the hospital to have them examined.
• In the summer, Ted always has his hair
cut short. It makes him feel cool.
S + make + O + Adj
說明：形容詞作受詞補語，說明受詞的狀態。
• Your birthday gift for my mother made
her very happy.
• The students’ progress makes their
teacher very proud.
(p.122)
補充句型：感官動詞
S + see/hear/watch/... + O + VR
說明：原形動詞作受詞補語，強調動作或事件的完整。
• I saw someone fall into
the pool today.
• I heard my dog make a weird
noise while he was sleeping.
S + see/hear/watch/... + O + V-ing
說明：現在分詞作受詞補語，強調動作發生的當下或正在進行。
• At the airport we can see planes landing
and taking off.
• We heard our neighbors arguing
about their parking spaces.
• In the summer we often see ladies wearing
miniskirts.
句型演練
A. 引導式翻譯
1. 當我到學校，發現校園空無一人。
I the
campus when I got to
school.
2. Tina閉著眼睛聽音樂。
Tina her
eyes as she listened to
the music.
3. 大樓燒毀了，留下許多人無家可歸。
The building burned
down, many
people .
*4. Allen說英文時無法讓他的話被理解。
Allen can’t himself
when he speaks English.
*5. 昨晚我看到Jack匆匆忙忙地離開他家。
Last night I Jack
out of his house
in a hurry.
B. 翻譯
1. 我們發現許多狗狗被遺棄在街頭。
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2. 老師發現許多學生上課時用智慧型手機上網。
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
3. Susan讓她的男友在外面等了一個小時。
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
4. 我們到家時，發現我們的貓咪正躲在衣櫥裡。
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
*5. 來自學校的壓力使Jim日夜努力讀書。
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
*為補充句型之練習題
Focal Point 2
If + S + had + P.P...., S + would/could/might + have +
P.P....
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教學建議
本單元介紹「與過去事實相反」的假設法，配合if子句出現。教學建議如下：
(1) 複習if條件句的用法。
(2) 複習「與現在事實相反」的假設法及其倒裝用法。
(3) 介紹「與過去事實相反」的假設法及其倒裝用法。
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複習句型：if 條件副詞子句
1. If + S +現在式V, S + 未來式V...
2. If + S +現在式V, 祈使句...
說明：
(1) 表示未來可能實現的條件時，if子句中的動詞用現在式代替未來式。
(2) 祈使句是針對you所提出的命令、禁止、建議或忠告。
• If I have
time tonight, I will call you.
• If it rains
tomorrow, we will cancel the field trip.
• If you keep
fooling around like this, you will never get anything done.
• If you have
any trouble, don’t hesitate to ask your friends for help.
複習句型：if 假設法（與現在事實相反）
If + S + 過去式V, S + would/could/might +
VR...
說明：if子句與主要子句的動詞和助動詞都用過去式。條件子句內的be動詞一律用were，不隨單複數或人稱變化。
• If I were a millionaire, I would
donate money to assist the flood victims.
（事實上，我不是百萬富翁，無法幫助災民。）
• If I were rich, I would travel
around the world.
（事實上，我不富有，無法環遊世界。）
• If I were you, I would tell the
truth.
（事實上，我不是你，無法幫你說實話。）
• If he were a true friend, he wouldn’t
say something like that.
（事實上，他不是真正的朋友，所以才會說那種話。）
課文句型：if 假設法（與過去事實相反）
If + S + had + P.P...., S + would/could/might
+ have + P.P.
說明：if子句用過去完成式，主要子句用過去式助動詞 +
have P.P.。
• If I hadn’t made so many mistakes, I would
have passed the exam.
（過去那個時候，我犯了很多錯誤，因此沒能通過考試。）
• If Mary hadn’t eaten so many cookies,
she wouldn’t have gained so much weight.
（過去那個時候，她吃了太多餅乾，所以體重增加很多。）
• If you had taken my advice, you might
have won the championship.
（過去那個時候，你未接受我的忠告，才未贏得冠軍。）
• If I had studied a little harder, I might
have gotten a better grade on the math exam.
（那次數學考試，我努力不夠，所以沒有得高分。）
補充句型：if 與現在事實相反的假設法倒裝
Were it not for + N, S + would/could/might
+ VR
說明：與現在事實相反的假設法及其倒裝用法，直述句為If it were not for + N, S + would/could/might + VR，「要不是……、多虧了……」的意思。
• If it were not for birds and flowers, my life would be very boring.
= Were it not for
birds and flowers, my life would be very boring.
• If it were not for my uncle’s financial help, I wouldn’t be in college. =
Were it not for my uncle’s financial help, I wouldn’t be in college.
• If it were not for her dad’s present, Cathy wouldn’t be this happy.
= Were it not for
her dad’s present, Cathy wouldn’t be this happy.
(p.124)
補充句型： if 與過去事實相反的假設法倒裝
Had it not been for + N, S + would/could/might
+ have + P.P.
說明：與過去事實相反的假設法及其倒裝用法，直述句為If it had not been for + N, S + would/could/might +
have + P.P.，「要不是……、多虧了……」的意思。
• If it had not
been for the police officer’s warning, you might
have died.
= Had it not been for the police
officer’s warning, you might have died.
• If it had not
been for an old farmer’s complaints, we wouldn’t
have found out about the recycled oil scandal.
= Had it not been for an old farmer’s
complaints, we wouldn’t have found out about the recycled oil scandal.
• If it had not
been for her parents’ support, Judy couldn’t
have gone abroad to study music.
= Had it not been for her parents’
support, Judy couldn’t have gone abroad to study music.
句型演練
A. 請依提示，填入適當的動詞。
1. If Paul (be)
rich, he would buy this house for
his parents.
2. If you (tell) him the
truth, he might have been able to help you.
3. If there (be)
no air, nothing could live.
4. Jack might have
passed the exam if he (study) harder.
5. If Sue had gone to
the party, she (will enjoy) herself.
B. 翻譯
1. 如果我的房子沒有毀於地震，我就不會搬到市區來。（提示：與過去事實相反）
If my house _________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.
2.如果你提早十五分鐘離家，你就不會錯過巴士了。（提示：與過去事實相反）
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
3.如果你騎機車更加小心，你昨天就不會發生車禍。（提示：與過去事實相反）
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
*4.如果不是這條河，這城市不會有這麼美的風景。（提示：與現在事實相反）
*4.如果不是這條河，這城市不會有這麼美的風景。（提示：與現在事實相反）
If it were not for ______________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.
*5.如果沒有校車，我就要花一小時才能到學校。（提示：與現在事實相反）
If it were not for ______________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.
*為補充句型之練習題
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