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文法句型解析與補充
課文句型：V-ing之分詞構句
Conj. + S + V..., S + V.... → (Conj.) V-ing..., S +
V....
說明：
(1) 副詞子句與主要子句的主詞須相同。
(2) 現在分詞表動作為主動。
• Sitting
on the sofa, we watched TV and chatted with each other cheerfully.
• While driving on the highway, all drivers must obey the traffic rules.
• Although feeling tired, Pat sat down and helped her son with his math
homework.
• When eating, a polite person doesn’t speak when his or her mouth is
full of food.
• Not knowing what he should do next, Peter kept pacing the room and
felt helpless.
課文句型：P.P.之分詞構句
Conj. + S + V..., S +
V.... → (Conj.) P.P...., S + V....
說明：
(1) 副詞子句與主要子句的主詞須相同。
(2) 過去分詞表動作為被動。
• Surrounded by mountains, the remote village is said to be a paradise.
• If angered, a dog can become a dangerous animal.
• When faced with a water shortage, we should conserve water.
• If invited to deliver a graduation speech, Jenny will feel very
proud.
課文句型：分詞構句置於主要子句之後
S + V... Conj. + S +
V.... →S + V... (Conj.) V-ing/P.P....
說明：
(1) 分詞構句置於句首時連接詞可省略，亦可保留。
(2) 分詞構句置於主要子句之後時，視語意可保留連接詞。
• Jerry fell into the river while he was
fishing on the bridge.
→ Jerry fell into the river while fishing
on the bridge.
• The blind man was hit by a motorcycle while
he was crossing the street.
→ The blind man was hit by a motorcycle while
crossing the street.
• River water cannot be used for drinking if
it is polluted by chemicals.
→ River water cannot be used for drinking if
polluted by chemicals.
補充句型：V-ing與分詞形容詞之辨別
1. 表狀態：(Being +) Adj, S + V....
2. 表動作：V-ing..., S + V.....
說明：
(1) (Being + ) Adj表示狀態。
(2) 現在分詞V-ing用以表示主動的動作，勿和字尾為-ing的分詞形容詞混淆，如interesting, surprising, exciting,
embarrassing, boring, amazing等。
•(Being) young and foolish, John missed many good opportunities.（狀態）
•(Being) Exciting and challenging, street dance is very popular among
teenagers.（狀態）
• Knowing
he had been admitted to Harvard, Ken cried with joy.（動作）
• Walking
hand-in-hand in the park, the old couple looked happy.（動作）
(p.147)
補充句型：P.P.與分詞形容詞之辨別
1. 表狀態：(Being +) Adj..., S + V....
2. 表動作：P.P...., S + V....
說明：
(1) (Being + ) Adj表示狀態。
(2) 過去分詞P.P.用以表示被動型態的動作，勿和字尾為-ed的分詞形容詞混淆，如interested, surprised, excited, embarrassed等。
• (Being) Tired of her boyfriend’s bad temper, Susan decided to break up with
him.（狀態）
• (Being) Excited about the next day’s trip, little Johnny couldn’t sleep.（狀態）
• Deserted by his children, the old man had no choice but to live in a
nursing home (養老院).（被動的動作）
• Asked if
she was hungry, the little girl nodded and said yes.（被動的動作）
補充句型：主詞不同的獨立分詞構句
Conj. + S1
+ V1..., S2 + V2.... →S1 + V-ing..., S2 + V2....
說明：
(1) 因主詞不同，故主詞務必保留，連接詞務必省略。
(2) 本句型常用於It + be動詞…（表天氣、時間之狀態）及There + be動詞…（有……之情況）。
• Life being short, we should make the best of it.
• Weather permitting, we will go camping tomorrow.
• There having been many earthquakes this year, the building is badly damaged.
• It being
late, we decided to stay home instead of going to see a movie.
• There being no city bus, we had to take a taxi home from school.
句型演練
A. 將劃底線處簡化成分詞構句
1. Because he was fired by his boss,
John felt very angry.
→
, John
felt very angry.
2. While she was shopping at a
traditional market, Brenda lost her purse.
→
, Brenda lost her purse.
3. Because I felt tired from working,
I had to stop and take a rest.
→
, I had to stop and take a rest.
4. When it is seen from the mountains at
night, Kaohsiung looks very beautiful.
→
, Kaohsiung looks very beautiful.
5. If the weather permits, we will
continue the climb this afternoon.
→
, we will continue the climb this afternoon.
B. 用分詞構句完成下列句子的翻譯
1.因日夜做實驗，這科學家很少休息。
, the scientist seldom took a rest.
2.Nancy因為覺得難為情，所以不知道該說什麼。
, Nancy didn’t know what to say.
*3.天色已晚，我們該回家了。
, we should go home.
*為補充句型之練習題
Focal Point 2
Never/Hardly/Little/Seldom/Rarely
+
 be
do/does/did
have/has/had
Aux.
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教學建議
否定副詞通常置於主詞與一般動詞之間；若要加強否定副詞，可將其移至句首，其後接倒裝結構。教學順序建議如下：
(1) 複習so/neither/nor之倒裝句型。
(2) 教授否定副詞放句首之倒裝句型。
(3) 教授其他常用之以倒裝加強語氣的句型。
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複習句型：複習 so/neither/nor的倒裝
1. S + 肯定句, and so + 倒裝句.
2. S + 否定句, and neither + 倒裝句.
3. S + 否定句, (and) nor + 倒裝句.
說明：
(1) so與neither為副詞，故需加連接詞and。
(2) nor本身是連接詞，可不加連接詞and。
• Jason can speak French fluently, and so can
Michael.
• Aaron got up early this morning, and so did
I.
• Felix didn’t like talking to strangers, and neither
did I.
• Jack is not good at chemistry and physics, nor
is Tony.
課文句型：否定副詞置句首倒裝
Never/Hardly/Little/Seldom/Rarely
倒裝
說明：
(1) 表否定的副詞置於句首時，句子要改成倒裝結構。
(2) 句中有be動詞時，把be動詞放到主詞前面。
• Stella is never impatient with her students.
→ Never is Stella impatient with her students.
(3) 句中有一般動詞時，要加上助動詞do/does/did，並將助動詞放到主詞前面，後面動詞改為原形。若句中已經有助動詞，則直接把助動詞放到主詞前。
• Jack seldom flew a kite in the square.
→ Seldom did Jack fly a kite in the square.
• I rarely have time to go on a vacation.
→ Rarely do I have time to go on a vacation.
• Animals can scarcely survive in such extreme weather conditions.
→ Scarcely can animals survive in such
extreme weather conditions.
(4) 若為完成式，則將助動詞has/have/had放到主詞前，後面動詞維持P.P.。
• The couple has never been to Europe.
→ Never has the couple been to Europe.
(5) 若為there be句型則把be動詞放到there前面。
• There is hardly any money left in my wallet.
→ Hardly is there any money left in my
wallet.
(6) Little置於句中解釋成「一點也不……」。
• Little do scientists know about other planets.
（科學家一點也不了解其他星球。）
• Little did the local people know the cause of the explosion.
（當地人完全不清楚爆炸的原因。）
補充句型：（否定）副詞片語放句首
Only + prep. phr./Only
then/No sooner/By no means... + 倒裝句
說明：
(1) 否定的副詞片語或某些特定的副詞片語置於句首時，主要子句亦用倒裝結構
(2) by no means也可用on no account, in no way, in no situation, under
no circumstances代替。
• You can achieve your goal only by working hard.
→ Only by working hard can you achieve your goal.
• I understood the value of friendship only then.
→ Only then did I understand the value of friendship.
• Jack had no sooner arrived home than it started
to rain.
→ No sooner had Jack arrived home than it started to rain.
• Tommy is by no means a liar.
→ By no means is Tommy a liar.
• Hank will under no circumstances do such a
thing.
→ Under no circumstances will Hank do such a thing.
(p.151)
句型演練
請將以下句子改為倒裝句
1. The little girl
hardly plays with her classmates.
→ play with
her classmates.
2. Tony is seldom
late to work.
→ late to
work.
3. The man rarely
rides a bike to the park.
→ a bike to the park.
4. That man is by
no means a suspect.
→
5. There are
scarcely any street crimes in this town.
→
*6. I had no sooner
got into the shower than my mom called.
→ than my mom called.
*7. I will not lie
to you under any circumstances.
→ will I
lie to you.
*8. I learned about
the benefits of being honest only then.
→
*為補充句型之練習題
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