Grammar
Focal Point 1
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Review:
(Conj.)
V-ing/P.P...., S + V....
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1. 此句型為分詞構句。
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2. 許多表時間（when, while, after,
before...）、因果（because, since...）、條件（if）、讓步（although, though...）之副詞子句，當主詞與主要子句的主詞相同時，可簡化為分詞構句。
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3. 簡化步驟：
(1) 省略從屬連接詞及主詞。若省略連接詞會造成語意不清，則保留連接詞。
(2) 副詞子句若為主動語態，則動詞改成現在分詞；若為被動語態，則be動詞改為being，但being通常省略，只保留過去分詞。
After she jogged for 5 kilometers,
Amy was tired out and couldn’t go any further.
→ After jogging for 5 kilometers, Amy was tired out and couldn’t go any
further.
在慢跑
Because he was deserted by his children, the old
man couldn’t help feeling lonely.
→ Deserted
by his children, the old man couldn’t help feeling lonely.
由於這位老先生被兒女遺棄，他不禁感到孤苦伶仃。
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Examples
● Because Lego is loved by
children, adults, and collectors, it is one of the best-known toy
brands in the world.
è Loved
by children, adults, and collectors, Lego is one of the best-known
toy brands in the world.
深受小朋友、大人及收藏家喜愛，樂高是全球最知名的玩具品牌之一。
(p.147)
● Because
these educational systems encouraged children to learn and play
at the same time, they revolutionized the toy industry.
è Encouraging
children to learn and play at the same time, these educational
systems revolutionized the toy industry.
這些富教育意義的系統鼓勵兒童學習的同時也能玩樂，這對玩具產業帶來重大革命。
Practice A Circle
1.
(
Surprising / Surprised ) by the gift, Tiffany burst into tears.
因為對這份禮物感到驚喜，Tiffany突然大哭。
2.
(
Praising / Praised ) by a lot of customers, Leonard was crowned the
“Clerk of the Year.”
由於許多顧客對Leonard讚不絕口，於是他被冠上「年度最佳店員」的封號。
3.
( Having / Had ) fun all day at the beach last Sunday, Tina
got a beautiful tan*.
上星期日Tina在沙灘玩了一整天，曬出漂亮的小麥色皮膚。
4.
Although
( failed / failing ) the test, Lena
did not feel frustrated.
儘管未能通過考試，Lena並不感到挫敗。
5. ( Listening / Listened )
to English broadcasts every day, Gina gradually improves her scores on the
listening test.
Gina因為每天聽英語廣播，聽力測驗的成績漸漸有起色。
6. Not ( knowing / known ) what
to do, the students turned to their teacher for help.
這些學生因為不知道該怎麼辦，所以轉而向老師求助。
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* tan n. [C] 曬成棕褐色的膚色
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(p.148)
Practice B Rewrite the following sentences by using the
pattern above.
1. Because
she was scared by a flying cockroach, Emily screamed at the top of her lungs.
è Scared by a flying cockroach, Emily
screamed at the top of her lungs.
因為被一隻正在飛的蟑螂嚇到，Emily放聲尖叫。
2. Since
it was stuck in the traffic jam, our car was moving as slowly as a snail.
è Stuck
in the traffic jam, our car was moving as slowly as a snail.
我們的汽車陷在車陣中，前進得像蝸牛一樣慢。
3. If you
make a reservation in advance, you don’t have to wait long before getting
seated at a table.
è If
making a reservation in advance, you don’t have to wait long before getting
seated at a table.
如果事先有預約訂位，你就不需要在入座前等待這麼久。
4. Although
Harry was hurt by his father’s cruel words, he didn’t strike back and just went
away.
è Hurt
by his father’s cruel words, Harry didn’t strike back and just went away.
儘管被他父親殘忍的話語傷害，Harry並沒有反擊而直接離開。
5. As
she told the police her story, Silvia was really scared and trembled all over.
è Telling
the police her story, Silvia was really scared and trembled all over.
當她告訴警察她的故事時，Silvia非常害怕並且全身顫抖著。
6. After he
walked home in the rain yesterday, Tom came down with a cold and called in sick
this morning.
è (After)
walking home in the rain yesterday, Tom came down with a cold and called in
sick this morning.
在他昨天淋著雨走路回家後，Tom感冒了且今早請了病假。
(p.149)
Focal Point 2
 be
Never/Hardly/Little/Seldom/Rarely + do/does/did + S + ....
have/has/had
Aux.
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1. 此句型為否定副詞置於句首的倒裝句，用以加強語氣。
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2. 常見帶有否定意味的副詞包含：
從未 never；幾乎不 hardly、little；很少 seldom、rarely
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3. 倒裝步驟如下：
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否定副詞 +
 be
Aux.
have/has/had
+ S + ....
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(1) 否定副詞移至句首
(2) 將be動詞、助動詞Aux.、have/has/had與主詞對調。
Cindy is rarely late for work.
→ Rarely is Cindy late for
work.
Cindy上班很少遲到。
 Hank has
never been
to
→ Never has Hank been
to
Hank從來沒有去過南非。
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否定副詞 +
do/does/did + S + VR ....
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(1) 否定副詞移至句首
(2) 主詞前加上助動詞do/does/did
(3) 動詞還原為原形
We hardly get to see
superstars in person.
→ Hardly do we get to see
superstars in person.
我們幾乎沒有機會親眼看過超級巨星。
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Examples
● Ole could never
have guessed that the name had already determined the company’s future.
è Never could
Ole have guessed that the name had already determined the
company’s future.
歐爾永遠不會猜到這個名字早已決定這家公司的未來。
(p.150)
Practice Rewrite the sentences by using the pattern
above.
1. I rarely
go shopping.
è Rarely do I go shopping.
我很少逛街。
2. We
can hardly expect help from Henry.
è Hardly
can we expect help from Henry.
我們幾乎無法期待從Henry那兒得到幫助。
3. Alice
è Seldom
is Alice
Alice是位很少表現得無禮的學生。
4. Benson
and Julia hardly know each other.
è Hardly
do Benson and Julia know each other.
Benson與Julia彼此幾乎不認識。
5. I
had never heard of that man before I met him.
è Never
had I heard of that man before I met him.
在我遇到那個男人之前從沒聽說過他。
6. Ross
seldom went to big concerts with huge crowds.
è Seldom
did Ross go to big concerts with huge crowds.
Ross很少參加觀眾這麼多的大型演唱會。
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