B5U5 Grammar

Grammar

Focal Point 1

Adj Review: S + find/leave/keep + O +   V-ing P.P.

keep、leave、find的受詞之後可接形容詞、現在分詞或過去分詞作為受詞補語。 若受詞與受詞補語之間的關係為主動，則用現在分詞；若為被動，則用過去分詞。 The man drank some coffee to keep himself awake while driving.                                      Adj. 那個男人喝了些咖啡好讓自己開車時保持清醒。 Please turn off the faucet. Don’t leave the water running like that.                                         V-ing 請關掉水龍頭。不要讓水像那樣流掉。 Sadly, John found most of his fellow soldiers killed in the battle.                                       P.P. 令人遺憾地，John發現他大多數的同袍戰死沙場。

Examples

● Their lack of income had left them feeling irritable.

沒有收入使得他們暴躁易怒。

● Billy often found himself falling victim to his father’s and brother’s anger, but he had no outlet for his frustration.

Billy常常發現自己成為爸爸和哥哥的出氣筒，而自己的挫折卻找不到宣洩出口。

● Although he was shy at first, Billy quickly found himself attracted to the power of the music and the dance movements.

雖然他一開始很害羞，但Billy很快就發現自己被音樂和舞步的力量所吸引。

● Billy entered the Royal Ballet School, and his father began to keep himself informed about Billy’s classes and performances.

Billy進到皇家芭蕾舞學院，而他父親也開始關注Billy的課業和表演。

(p.122)

Practice   Put the parts of each sentence in the correct order by using the pattern above.

1.   When Kim entered her room, (her cat / eating the cake / found / she).

è  When Kim entered her room, she found her cat eating the cake               .

Kim進到房間時，發現她的貓正在吃蛋糕。

2.   (leave / the windows / Don’t / open), or mosquitoes will get into the house.

è  Don’t leave the windows open          , or mosquitoes will get into the house.

別讓窗戶開著，不然蚊子會飛進到屋裡。

3.   (the door / Alison / locked / found) when she arrived at the office.

è  Alison found the door locked                  when she arrived at the office.

Alison抵達辦公室時，發現門是鎖著的。

4.   (alone / Please / me / leave); I don’t want to talk to anybody.

è  Please leave me alone                      ; I don’t want to talk to anybody.

別煩我，現在我不想跟任何人說話。

5.   The teacher’s encouragement (the girl / her dream / kept / moving toward).

è  The teacher’s encouragement kept the girl moving toward her dream          .

老師的鼓勵讓那女孩持續朝著她的夢想前進。

6.   This new software can help (photos and video files / your private / keep / locked).

è  This new software can help keep your private photos and video files locked     .

這個新軟體可以幫助保持你私密的照片及影片檔案被鎖定。

(p.123)

Focal Point 2

If + S + had + P.P...., S + would/could/might + have + P.P....

1. 此句型為「假設語氣」，表示「與過去事實相反」的情況。

2. if引導的副詞子句，使用過去完成式 had + P.P.。主要子句使用would/could/ might + have + P.P.。 If I hadn’t taken your advice, I might have made a serious mistake yesterday. 副詞子句                           主要子句 如果我當時沒有聽你的忠告，昨天可能就會犯下大錯。 If Tony had driven more carefully last weekend, the car accident would not have 副詞子句                               主要子句 happened. 如果上週末Tony開車更小心點，車禍或許就不會發生了。

Example

● If Billy had not met Mrs. Wilkinson, he might not have continued his dancing classes.

如果Billy沒有遇見Wilkinson老師，他可能就無法繼續上舞蹈課了。

Practice A   Write down the correct form of the verb for each sentence.

1.   If I had had    (have) more money then, I would have bought a bigger car.

如果我當時有更多錢，就會買一部更大的汽車。

2.   If Iris had not listened to        (not listen to) the doctor, she might have lost her eyesight.

如果當時Iris沒有聽從醫生的話，她可能已經喪失視力了。

3.   If Lisa had told the truth last night, she might not have been punished     (might not be punished) by her mother.

如果Lisa昨晚有說實話的話，可能就不會被媽媽懲罰了。

4.   Hank would have gotten married          (would get married) then if he had not joined the army in World War II.

如果Hank當時沒有從軍加入二次世界大戰的話，可能早就結婚了。

5.   If we had not won               (not win) the game, we wouldn’t have held a celebration party last night.

如果我們沒有贏得比賽，昨晚就不會舉行慶功宴了。

6.   If the typhoon had not struck the east coast of Taiwan, we could have spent     

      (could spend) one more night in Hualien.

如果當時颱風沒有襲擊臺灣東海岸的話，我們就可以在花蓮多待一晚了。

(p.124)

Practice B   Complete each sentence by using the pattern above.

1.   We didn’t have enough time when we were in Thailand, so we didn’t attend any bizarre festivals.

è  If we had had enough time in Thailand   , we would have attended some bizarre festivals.

如果當時在泰國有足夠時間的話，我們就會參加一些奇特的節慶了。

2.   I didn’t win the lottery, so I didn’t donate any money to charity.

è  If I had won the lottery, I would have donated some money to charity          .

如果我中樂透的話，早就捐一些錢給慈善機構了。

3.   Christina didn’t go on a working holiday last summer, so she didn’t experience any cultural differences.

è  If Christina had gone on a working holiday last summer        , she would have experienced some cultural differences.

如果Christina去年夏天去打工度假的話，就可以體驗到一些文化差異了。

4.   The river was polluted because people threw garbage into it.

è  The river would not have been polluted if people had not thrown garbage into it  .

如果民眾沒亂丟垃圾的話，河川就不會受到汙染了。

5.   The woods were no longer there because the company cut down the trees and built a factory.

è  The woods would have (still) been there       if the company had not cut down the trees and built a factory.

如果那家公司沒有砍伐樹木蓋工廠的話，樹林就會依舊還在那裡了。

6.   Daniel didn’t buy the best stocks last month, so he didn’t make a good profit.

è  If Daniel had bought the best stocks last month, he could have made a good profit.

如果Daniel上個月有買最好的股票，他就可以賺一大筆錢了。