Reading P1
Welcome aboard, everyone! I’m Rosa and I will be
your guide2 for today. During our twenty-minute cruisež to the Statue3 of Liberty, I will give
you an introduction to this amazing monument4. In 1886, France presented
the Statue of Liberty to America to celebrate its independence5 from
the United Kingdomž. The gift
signified6 the friendship that existed7
between France and the United States. 歡迎大家上船！我是Rosa，將是你們今天的導遊。在我們抵達自由女神像的二十分鐘航程中，我將會為大家介紹這座令人讚歎的紀念碑。在1886年，法國把自由女神像贈送給美國，以慶祝美國脫離英國獨立。這個禮物代表著存在於美、法之間的友誼。
1 During our twenty-minute
cruise to the Statue of Liberty, I will give you an introduction to this
amazing monument.
1. 複合形容詞中的名詞須用單數，該名詞通常與時間、價值或長度有關：
• My father gave me a five-speed bicycle as a present.
2. an introduction to... 對……的介紹／入門
• This book, which is an introduction to English grammar,
is suitable for beginners.
SPP 3: give + sb. + sth. give
+ sth. + to + sb.
² give表示「把（某物）給（某人）」，所以需要兩個受詞，一為直接受詞（某物），一為間接受詞（某人）。
² 當give後先接直接受詞（某物），後面要先加to才能接間接受詞（某人）。
² 同類型的動詞還有bring、buy、get、lend、send、write等。
² hand作動詞表示「給」時，和give用法相同。
Ÿ
I will
give you an introduction to this amazing monument.
（我將會為你介紹這座不凡的紀念碑。）
Ÿ
Walter
gave his girlfriend a box of chocolates on Valentine’s Day.
（Walter在情人節時送他女友一盒巧克力。）
Ÿ
Could
you hand me the flashlight?
（你可以把手電筒遞給我嗎？）
2 In 1886, France presented
the Statue of Liberty to America to celebrate its independence from the United
Kingdom.
present A to B 把A贈送給B（= present
B with A）
• The husband presented a necklace as an
anniversary gift to his wife.
= The husband presented his wife with a
necklace as an anniversary gift.
3 The gift signified the
friendship that existed between France and the United States.
that引導形容詞子句，修飾先行詞friendship，that當主詞不可省略。
Reading P2
When we get a little closer,
you might be surprised by the size of this statue. Its height8 is 305 feet, which is more or less the same as that of a 30-story9
building. The statue is made of
copperž and steelž. When it was constructed, it was
reddish-brownž. But as you see,
it’s actually green now. That is because the surface of the
statue is made of copper, which oxidizesž and
turns green with age when it is exposed to the air. 當我們靠近一點時，你們可能會對雕像之大感到驚訝。她的高度是305英尺，大約是和30層樓的高度一樣高。雕像是由銅和鋼所製成的。在被建造的時候，她是紅褐色的。但是正如你們所看見的，她現在事實上是綠色的。那是因為雕像的表面是由銅所製成的，與空氣接觸之後，隨著時間氧化而變成綠色的。
4 When we get a little closer, you might be surprised
by the size of this statue.
SPP 2: …that/those
+ of/in…
² 在此that和those是代名詞，代替先前提過的同類事物，避免名詞重複。that為單數，those為複數。
² 此用法常用於比較性的句子，如比較級或意思有「相同、相異、相似、相像」時。
² 同類事物相比較，二者是不同個體，所以不可用「代替同一個體」的代名詞it和them。
Ÿ
Its
height is more or less the same as that
of a 30-story building.
（它的高度差不多和一棟三十層建築的高度相同。）
Ÿ
The
shoes in this store are cheaper than those
in the department store.
（這間店的鞋子比百貨公司的便宜。）
Ÿ
The
challenges young people face today are different
from those in the past.
（現今青年面對的挑戰，與過去的挑戰不同。）
1. might表示對現在或未來的推測，但might的可能性比may還要小一點。
• It may rain later. Take an umbrella just in
case.
• There might be a parking space near the
market. Let’s go check it out.
2. surprised為過去分詞，其後的by有時可以用at代替。
• Sunny was surprised at what her boyfriend did for
her during her birthday.
5 Its height is 305 feet,
which is more or less the same as that of a 30-story building.
1. which引導一「非限定」的形容詞子句，用來補充說明前面提過的事情，在此指「高度為305英尺」。
• Peterson survived the earthquake, which was great news
to his parents.
2. the same as... 和……一樣
• Jack’s smartphone is the same as Ted’s.
3. that代替前面所提過的名詞，此處指的是height。
請參閱本課Focal Point 2。
6 When it was constructed, it was reddish-brown.
reddish-brown 為「形容詞 + 形容詞」的複合形容詞。
• I don’t like food such as sweet-sour porkribs
and fish.
7 But as you see, it’s actually green now.
as意思是「如同」，類似關係代名詞which的用法，代替後面的it’s actually green now。as引導的關係子句可置於主要子句之前或之後。
• Smoking is bad for health, as/which everyone knows.
= As everyone
knows, smoking is bad for health.
SPP 4: 準關代as
² as在此表示「依照」，兼具連接詞和代名詞的功能，所以後面接不完整句（缺少主詞或受詞），如課文例句「As you see」就缺少see的受詞。
² 因為用法和關係代名詞類似，所以叫做準關代。準關代as和關代which的差別：as引導的句子可置於主要子句前或後，用逗點隔開，但which引導的句子只能置於主要子句後。如：「A doctor treats patients, which/as is his duty.」和「As
is his duty, a doctor treats patients.」都可用，但不能說「Which is his duty, a doctor treats patients.」。
² as的意思和用法種類繁多，建議從上下文及as所擺放的位置來判斷意思和詞性，並以熟習用法為主，文法專有名詞為次要。
Ÿ
As
you see, it’s actually
green now.
（如你所見，現在它其實是綠色的。）
Ÿ
The
new design helped save 30% on energy, as the report shows. （新設計幫助節省了百分之三十的能源，如報告所示。）
8 That is because the
surface of the statue is made of copper, which oxidizes and turns green with
age when it is exposed to the air.
1. because 引導的子句不可單獨成句，必須改為that/this is because...。
• Chuck is very popular among teenagers.
That’s because
he is a talented singer.（○）
Because he is a
talented singer.（╳）
2. 在此which引導「非限定」的形容詞子句，用來補充說明先行詞copper。
• I want to move to Taipei, which is a big and busy
city.
3. turn 為連綴動詞，後接形容詞，意思為「變成」。
• Maple leaves often turn red in autumn.
(p.55)
Reading P3
OK, we’re getting quite close to the Statue of
Liberty now. If you look to your left, you should have a very clear view of the
whole statue. You
probably notice that in her left hand she is holding a giant tablet. The tablet is inscribed10 with the date “July 4, 1776” — America’s Independence Day. In her right hand is a giant torch. This symbolizes that Lady Liberty can enlighten11 the world and
guide poor people and exilesž to a new land. 好的，我們現在已經相當接近自由女神像了。如果你們往左手邊看，應該可以清楚地看到整座雕像。你們可能有注意到她的左手抱著一本巨大的書板，上面刻著日期「1776年7月4日」――美國的獨立紀念日。她的右手則拿著一把巨大的火炬，象徵著自由女神可以給世界方向，並引導窮人及流亡者到達新國度。
9 We’re getting quite close to the Statue
of Liberty now.
get/be close to 接近；在附近
• Don’t get too close to the fence. The
wild animals might hurt you.
10 If you look to your left, you should have a
very clear view of the whole statue.
1. look to... 朝……的方向看
• If you look to the east, you will see
three doors.
2. view在此是可數名詞，表「風景、景色」。
11 You probably notice that in her left hand she is holding
a giant tablet.
that 引導名詞子句，作notice的受詞。
12 In her right hand is a giant torch.
地方副詞倒裝，原為A
giant torch is in her right hand.。
請參閱本課Focal Point 1。
SPP 1: 地方副詞 + V + S.
²
強調地點時，可將句中的地點移到句首，後接動詞（常是be動詞或不及物動詞），最後再接主詞，形成倒裝句。
²
地點就是地方副詞，大致分成下列幾種：
（1） 單一字的副詞：here、there。
（2） 介副詞（外型是介系詞，但詞性是副詞，後面沒有接受詞）：away、back、up、down、off、out等。
（3） 「介系詞＋名詞」形成的片語：如on the table、in the house等。
² 主詞若是代名詞（he、she、I、we、you、they、it），倒裝時不用和動詞調換位置。如：「Here he is!」正確，「Here is he!」錯誤。
Ÿ
In
her right hand is a giant
torch.
（在她的右手中是一把巨大的火炬。）
Ÿ
In
the center of the town
stands a church.
（在小鎮的中央矗立著一座教堂。）
Ÿ
It’s
time. Off we go!
（時候到了。我們走吧！）
13 This symbolizes that Lady
Liberty can enlighten the world and guide poor people and exiles to a new land.
1. that 引導名詞子句，作symbolize的受詞。
2. 第一個and連接兩個動詞enlighten和guide；第二個and連接兩個名詞 people 和 exiles。
3. guide A to B 把A引導到B
• The teacher guided her students through the
busy street to the school.
Reading P4
Other symbolic parts of the statue include Lady Liberty’s crown12 and the broken chains at her feet.
Can you guess how many spikes there are on
her crown? That’s right. From the top of the crown rise seven
spikes, representing13 the
seven continents. You have probably figured out
that the broken chains symbolize freedom14 from
oppression15. The sculptorsž who made this statue were also inspired by Libertasž, the Roman
goddess of freedom, and that is why Lady Liberty is
dressed (p.56) in a traditional Roman robe. 雕像其他具有象徵意義的部分，包括自由女神的王冠，還有她腳邊破碎的鎖鍊。你們可以猜得出來王冠上有幾道尖芒嗎？答對了。王冠上共有七道尖芒，象徵七大洲。你們可能已經知道破碎的鎖鍊象徵不受壓迫的自由。製作這座雕像的雕刻家也受到羅馬的自由女神利伯塔斯所啟發，那就是為什麼自由女神穿著傳統的羅馬袍。
SPP 5: include, including, included
² include是及物動詞，意為「包含、包括」。A include B表示「A含括B」。常見的還有被動用法：B be included in A。
² including是介系詞，說明後面的名詞是前面整體的一部分。通常前有逗點。
² included是過去分詞當形容詞用，置於名詞之後。
² 片語be made up of表「由……組成」，和include的差別在於include只提及部分組成份子，be
made up of列出所有組成份子。
Ÿ
Other
symbolic parts of the statue include Lady Liberty’s crown and the broken
chains at her feet.
（雕像的其他象徵部分，包括自由女神的王冠和她腳邊斷裂的鎖鏈。）
Ÿ
A
service charge is included in the bill, so there is no need to leave a
tip.
（服務費已含在帳單內，所以不需要給小費。）
Ÿ
The
rate for the standard room is NT$ 5,000 per night, including
breakfast and dinner.
（標準房價格每晚新臺幣五千元，含早晚餐。）
Ÿ
Everyone,
me included, went to see the Rubber Duck.
（所有人，包括我，都去看了黃色小鴨。）
Ÿ
A
computer keyboard is made up of dozens of plastic keys and a circuit
board.
（電腦鍵盤是由許多塑膠按鍵與一片電路板所組成的。）
14 From the top of the crown
rise seven spikes, representing the seven continents.
1. 在句子中，若主詞之後帶有修飾的片語或子句而使主詞太長時，常把補語或副詞片語移至句首，形成倒裝句。原為Seven spikes, representing the seven
continents, rise from the top of the crown.
請參閱本課Focal Point 1。
2.
representing...為分詞片語，修飾seven spikes，為形容詞子句which represent...的省略。
• The
teacher asked a question, confusing (= which confused) almost every
student in the class.
SPP 6: N,
which/who + V… → N, V-ing…
² 以課文為例：「From the top of the crown rise seven spikes, which
represent the seven continents.」當中，which引導的形容詞子句補充說明先行詞seven spikes。省略which，在represent後加ing，就變成分詞構句。
² 因為原句是非限定形容詞子句，所以和先行詞間用逗點隔開，表示只是補述，不影響主要子句意義。
² 上述課文例句包含兩種句型：地方副詞移前的倒裝句（from the top of the crown）和形容詞子句簡化後的分詞構句。同時使用這兩種句型，除了有倒裝句的強調作用，也可以避免主詞seven spikes的修飾語過長，切斷主要子句的結構。原句是：Seven spikes, representing the seven
continents, rise from the top of the crown.
² 此句型概念較繁瑣，理解後應把焦點放在分辨動詞變化（用主動或被動）、正確解讀句意（修飾對象為何）。
Ÿ
From
the top of the crown rise seven spikes, representing the seven continents.
（從王冠頂端延伸出七道尖芒，代表七大洲。）
Ÿ
Belgium,
founded in 1830, consists of three regions.
（建國於一八三○年的比利時由三大區組成。）
15 You have probably figured
out that the broken chains symbolize freedom from oppression.
1. that 引導名詞子句，作figure
out的受詞。
2. freedom from… 免於、不受……的自由
16 The sculptors who made
this statue were also inspired by Libertas, the Roman goddess of freedom,
and that is why Lady Liberty is dressed in a traditional Roman robe.
1. who引導形容詞子句，修飾先行詞the sculptors，who當主詞用，不可省略（若省略關代who，需改成分詞片語The
sculptors making this statue...）。
• The actor who performed (= performing) in the
movie was awarded as best actor.
2. the Roman goddess of freedom 為同位語的用法，說明前面的Libertas。
• Yushan, the highest mountain in Taiwan, is 3,952 meters
above sea level.
3. that is (the reason) why...為關係副詞用法，省略先行詞the reason。
相關句型文法請見補充頁P.56。
4. be dressed in 穿著……（= be wearing）
• Rita was dressed in a long skirt at work
yesterday, but she is wearing short pants today.
Reading P5
Well, here we are. Please watch
your step when you get off! Oh, one last thing: besides admiring16 the statue from the outside, I would also recommend that you take the stairs inside and go right up to the crown. From the top you will get a spectacular17
view of Lower Manhattanž. And if you look hard enough to
the east, you might even see Paris! Just kidding! 那麼，我們已經到了。下船時請留心腳步！喔，最後一件事，除了從外面欣賞雕像之外，我也建議你們可以走內部的樓梯到最頂層的王冠。從頂端你們可以欣賞曼哈頓下城的壯觀景色。而且如果你們仔細往東邊看，甚至可以看到巴黎！開玩笑的啦！
17 Please watch your step when you get off!
1. 此為祈使句的用法，省略主詞you。
• Remember
to mail the letter for me.
2. get off 下（車／船／火車／飛機）
ANT
get on 上（車／船／火車／飛機）
• Please
remember your carry-on when getting off the plane.
• Hurry up!
Get on the bus. We might miss the game.
18 I would also recommend that you take
the stairs inside and go right up to the crown.
句型文法
表「建議、要求、命令」的句型：
S +
|
suggest/recommend
|
+ that S (should)
+
|
VR（主動）
be p.p.（被動）
|
ask/demand
|
|||
order/command
|
• The
leader asked that each of his teammates do his or her best.
• We
suggested that the meeting be put off.
19 And if you look hard enough to the
east, you might even see Paris! Just kidding!
1. hard在這裡為副詞，修飾一般動詞look，意思為「很認真地看著」。
• Looking hard at the sign, the man still couldn’t read the
words on it.
2. enough當副詞時，置於所修飾字（形容詞、副詞）之後。
• The room is large enough for us.
• Eric didn’t run fast enough to catch the bus.
3. (I am) just kidding.
= (I
am) just joking.
句型文法 關係副詞的用法
關副 = 介系詞 + 關代
(1) where = in/at/on + which
• I know a
plaza where (= at which) you can buy what you want.
(2) when = in/at/on/during + which
• I like
winter, when (= during which) every place is covered with snow.
(3) why = for + which（省略先行詞the
reason）
• I don’t know
why (= the reason for which) she left. She didn’t leave any message.
(4) how = in/by + which（how不可與the way並用）
• I don’t
like how Tom dealt with the problem.
= I don’t like the way Tom dealt with the
problem.
Reading P6
All right. Thanks, everyone. Enjoy your visit, and
welcome to the Statue of Liberty! 好的，感謝大家。希望你們參觀得開心，歡迎來到自由女神像！
(p.57)
Comprehension
Main Idea Choose the best answer to the question.
D What is “All Aboard for Lady Liberty!” mainly
about?
〈自由女神之旅〉主要是關於什麼？
〈自由女神之旅〉主要是關於什麼？
(A) Boats in
New York City.
關於在紐約市的船隻。
(B) Visitors
to Paris.
關於在巴黎的旅客。
(C) A tour of
downtown Paris.
關於巴黎市區的旅行。
(D) A famous
landmark in New York City.
關於在紐約市一個有名的地標。
Details Choose the best answer to each question.
B 1. The original color of the Statue of Liberty
was .
自由女神像原本的顏色是 。
(A) green 綠色
(B) reddish-brown 紅褐色
(C) yellow 黃色
(D) gray 灰色
D 2. Which of the following statements about the
Statue of Liberty is true?
下列哪一項關於自由女神像的敘述是正確的？
(A) The Statue of Liberty is made of wood and stone.
自由女神像是由木頭和石頭所做成的。
(B) The Statue of Liberty is about 60 stories high.
自由女神像大約有60層樓高。
(C) The Statue of Liberty was a gift from the United
Kingdom.
自由女神像是英國贈送的禮物。
(D) From the Statue of Liberty’s crown, you can see Lower
Manhattan.
從自由女神像的王冠你可以看到曼哈頓下城。
B 3. The broken chains at the Statue of Liberty’s
feet represent .
在自由女神像腳邊斷掉的鎖鍊代表著 。
(A) enlightenment 啟發
(B) freedom 自由
(C) friendship 友誼
(D) oppression 壓迫
(p.58)
D 4. Which of the following statements about the
Statue of Liberty is NOT true?
下列關於自由女神像的敘述哪一項是錯的？
(A) The tablet in the
Statue of Liberty’s left hand is inscribed with a specific date.
在自由女神像左手的石板刻有特定的日期。
(B) There are broken
chains at the Statue of Liberty’s feet.
在自由女神像的腳邊有斷掉的鎖鍊。
(C) The seven spikes
on the Statue of Liberty’s crown represent the seven continents.
在自由女神像王冠上的七道尖芒代表著七大洲。
(D) The torch in the Statue of Liberty’s right hand
symbolizes independence.
在自由女神像右手的火炬代表著獨立。
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