B2 Unit 4 課文重點

Unit 4  Fast Food or Fatty Food?

1. 課文

These days, fast food is very popular worldwide, and many people like it very much. However, 1__________ a study, people who eat fast food more than twice a week 2_____ weight more easily than those who eat it less than once a week. Another study shows that children who start eating fatty food at an early age are more likely to become unhealthy. Here is a real example of how eating fast food can 3_____ one’s health. In 2003, an American filmmaker, Morgan Spurlock, did an interesting but 4_____ 5_____. To 6__________ how fast food would 7_____ a person’s health, Spurlock ate three meals a day at McDonald’s for 30 days. After drinking milkshakes and eating hamburgers and French fries for a month, he found that he had gained around 11 kilograms. He also began to 8_____ liver damage and terrible mood swings. Later, Spurlock 9_____ his eating experience 9_____ a movie which was called Super Size Me. Since more and more people in Asia are eating fast food, Super Size Me is a film that Asians should see. Though all the big names in the fast-food 10_____—McDonald’s, KFC, Burger King—are from the United States, more Asians now eat at these restaurants than Americans. There is an important reason why fast food is so popular in Asia. Many Asians today are busy with school and work, so they 11_____ eat at home. They choose to eat fast food because it can easily 12_____ homemade meals. However, unlike most Asian food, food in places like McDonald’s has a lot more salt and fat. As a result, more and more Asians are getting fat. In Taiwan, 13__________ 30 14_____ of children eat fast food once a week, and over 25 percent of children are overweight. Is there any way to stop this 15_____ toward eating fatty food? Some 16_____ have 17_____ that fast food makes them fat. They think that they should be 18_____ about the health risks of fast food. These complaints might 19_____ fast-food restaurants to make some changes to their menus. In fact, many fast-food restaurants now list calorie counts on their menus. They even offer salads and fresh fruit 20__________ 21_____ more customers. Maybe it’s time for everyone to cut down on fatty food and start having a healthy 22_____.

[Ans.] 1. according to   2. gain   3. damage   4. shocking  5. experiment 6. find out   7. affect   8. suffer   9. made; into   10. industry 11. rarely   12. replace   13. at least   14. percent   15. trend 16. customers   17. complained   18. warned   19. force 20. in order to   21. attract   22. diet

Reading

現今，速食風靡全球，並有許多人非常喜愛。然而，根據一項研究報告，每週吃超過兩次速食的人要比每週吃不到一次的人更容易變胖。另一項研究則顯示，小小年紀就開始吃油膩食物的兒童更有可能變得不健康。

1­1 these days = today = nowadays = the present (day)，表示「現今，當今」。例：
‧These days, many people cannot live   

without the Internet.

1­2 ...people [who eat fast food more than twice a week]...those [who eat it less than once a week].
(1) who eat...a week和who eat it...a week均

為限定用法的關係子句，分別修飾先行詞people和those。

(2) more than為「超過」之意，可用over代換。例：
‧Susan has been studying French for  

more than ten years.

(3) those who... = people who...，表示「……的人們」，指稱一般的狀態；those為指示代名詞，在此作先行詞，被who所引導的關係子句修飾。例：
‧Those who break the school rules will  

be punished.

1­3 ...at an early age are more likely to become unhealthy.
(1) at/from an early age = at a very young

age，表示「在/從很小的時候」。例：
‧Wilson started playing the piano at an

early age.

(2) become unhealthy為連綴動詞become + Adj的用法，詳細用法請參見本課句型解析一。

以下為食用速食會如何損害身體健康的真實案例。在2003年，美國獨立製片導演摩根‧史柏路克做了一個有趣但令人震驚的實驗。為了找出速食如何影響人體的健康，史柏路克連續30天都在麥當勞吃三餐。在食用了一個月的奶昔、漢堡和薯條後，他發現他的體重增加了大約11公斤。……

2­1 [Here is a real example of how eating fast food can damage one’s health].
(1) 此為here置於句首的倒裝句構。

文法一點通

Here/There + be/V + S 這是以地方副詞為首的倒裝句型，句中的主詞與動詞須倒裝；但若主詞為代名詞時，主詞和動詞則不須倒裝。例： ‧Here is the ticket that you need. ‧There it is.

(2) how eating fast food...health為間接問句

用法，故須用直述句語序。

2­2 To find out [how fast food would affect...].
(1) To = In order to，表示「為了」之意。
(2) how fast food...是由疑問詞how引導的

間接問句，作find out的受詞。

2­3 After drinking milkshakes and eating..., he found that he had gained....
(1) After drinking milkshakes and eating....  

可還原為After he drank milkshakes and

ate hamburgers....。因從屬子句和主要

子句的主詞相同，故可省略從屬子句之

主詞，並將動詞改為現在分詞，形成分

詞構句。
(2) 由於「增重11公斤」這件事發生在「發
   現」之前，故須用過去完成式來表示
   發生在前的動作。

……他也開始飽受肝臟損害及嚴重情緒波動的折磨。之後，史柏路克將他的飲食經驗拍成一部名為《麥胖報告》的電影。由於越來越多亞洲人食用速食，《麥胖報告》這部電影他們應該要看。

2­4 ...a movie [which was called Super Size Me].
(1) which was called Super Size Me為限定

用法的關係子句，修飾先行詞a movie。
(2) A be called B表示「A被稱為B」之意。

例：
‧Kate’s pet cat is called Taffy.

2­5 Since more and more people in Asia....
(1) since在此為表原因的從屬連接詞，可

用as或because替換。例：
‧Since you are free, why not go hiking

with us?

(2) more and more...表示「越來越多的……」，後面可接可數或不可數名詞。例：
‧More and more people become   

LOHAS followers these days.

補充

表達「越來越少」的情況則有下列區別： less and less + 不可數名詞 fewer and fewer + 複數可數名詞 ‧Because it didn’t rain a lot, people could use less and less water. ‧The food at that restaurant is not good, so fewer and fewer customers eat there.

雖然所有鼎鼎大名的速食業者—麥當勞、肯德基、漢堡王—都來自美國，但比起美國人，現今有更多的亞洲人在這些速食餐廳用餐。有個重要的理由解釋為何速食在亞洲如此受歡迎。現今許多亞洲人忙於學業及工作，所以他們很少在家用餐。他們選擇吃速食是因為它可輕易取代自製餐點。然而，不像大部分的亞洲食物，麥當勞等餐廳所販售的食物含有過多的鹽分及油脂。……

3­1 fast­food為連字號形成的複合形容詞，修飾後面的名詞industry。

3­2 There is an important reason why fast food....
此為關係副詞的用法，詳細用法請參見本課句型解析二。

3­3 ...are busy with school and work....
be busy with + N = be busy + V­ing， 表示「忙於……」之意。例：
‧While my mother is busy cooking dinner,  

I am busy with my homework.

3­4 ...a lot more salt and fat.
a lot表示「更加」之意，用來修飾比較級，強調比較的程度。例：
‧Karen’s younger brother is a lot heavier  

than she.

……因此，有越來越多的亞洲人變胖。在台灣，至少有百分之三十的兒童每週吃一次速食，且有超過百分之二十五的兒童超重。

3­5 As a result, more and more...getting fat.
(1) as a result = therefore = thus，作「因此」 

解，為表示因果關係的副詞片語。  例：
‧Judy forgot to water the flowers, and

as a result, they died.

(2) getting fat為連綴動詞的用法，詳細用法請參見本課句型解析一。

3­6 ...over 25 percent...are overweight.

補充

兒童及青少年體重過重與肥胖發生的原因，主要和遺傳、身體活動、飲食型態和家庭環境等因素息息相關。舉例來說，家庭外食的機會增加以及戶外活動的時間減少，或是家長的疏忽等，都會增加孩子肥胖的危險因子。此外，速食文化的流行也會導致兒童肥胖機率的增加。速食通常是低纖維、高油脂、高鹽和高糖，而且份量很大，加上不適當的廣告行銷手法，例如贈送玩具等，可能會造成兒童對速食產生極大的興趣，進而攝取過多的熱量，促使肥胖的發生。

有沒有任何方法可以阻止這種食用高油脂食物的趨勢呢？有些顧客抱怨速食讓他們變胖。他們認為他們應該被警告關於速食對健康所造成的風險。這些抱怨或許能迫使速食餐廳在菜單上做一些改變。事實上，許多速食餐廳現在開始在菜單上標示卡路里。它們甚至供應沙拉及新鮮水果以吸引更多的客人。或許現在是大家減少油膩食物，開始健康飲食的好時機。

4­1 ...fast food makes them fat.

文法一點通

make + O + OC (Adj/N) make 為不完全及物動詞，接了受詞後，後面還需接形容詞或名詞作受詞補語，表示「使……覺得/成為……」。例： ‧Percy’s rude behavior made his father angry. ‧This action movie made the young actor a superstar.

4­2 ...make some changes to their menus.
make a change to sth表示「改變某物」。例：
‧Vera made some changes to her report

before she handed it in.

4­3 Maybe it’s time for everyone to cut down on fatty food....
(1) ...it’s time for everyone....

文法一點通

it’s time (for sb) to V/for N　 是(某人)……的時候了 ‧Hurry up! It’s time to go. ‧It’s time for dinner.

(2) cut down on為 「減少，削減」之意。例：
‧The doctor asked the patient to cut

down on drinking and smoking.