Reading P1
The doorbell rings. A woman opens the door and takes
a package from
the delivery2 man. She
carries it inside, wondering3 what it might be. Her dog takes one quick sniff and knows
immediately4 that the box contains5
food. This is because a dog’s sense of smell is much
more sensitive6 than
that of humans. For
this reason, some dogs are trained to become
“sniffer dogsž.” 門鈴響了。一位女士打開門，從送貨員手中接過包裹。她把它帶進屋內，在想著那是什麼東西。她養的狗很快地聞了一下，馬上知道盒子裡有食物。這是因為狗的嗅覺比人類的敏感很多。因為如此，有些狗被訓練成「偵測犬」。
1 She carries
it inside, wondering what it might be.
此為分詞構句，原來的句子為
She carries it inside and wonders what it might be.。
2 This is because a
dog’s sense of smell is much more sensitive than that of humans.
1.
句型文法
This is because + S + V 這是因為……，後面加上原因或理由。
• Jimmy is dozing off in class. This is because he went to bed late
last night.
2. much在此用來強調後面的比較級。這一類的用法，還可以用 far, still, even, a lot等。
3. that 在這個句子中，代替前面的單數名詞 sense of smell。若前面是複數名詞，則用those來代替。
• Usually, the legs of a horse are longer than those
of a dog.
Reading P2
You may have seen sniffer
dogs helping find hidden drugsž, explosives7, or missing people under the wreckagež after a disaster8. However, you may not be aware of some
other interesting ways that sniffer dogs assist9 people. For example, in a park in
Pingtung County, park officials10
asked the National
Pingtung University of Science and Technologyž to use its trained dogs to find out which trees were infected with brown root diseasež. Due to their keen11 sense of smell, (p.79) the dogs could detect12 infected trees. Once they had located13 such a tree, they would sit down by
the tree until their trainer handed a treat to them as a reward14.
Park officials could then remove the sick trees before they fell and hurt somebody. 你或許看過偵測犬幫助人類找出藏起來的毒品、爆裂物，或災難後被埋在殘骸下失蹤的人。但是你或許不知道偵測犬還用其他有趣的方式在幫助人類。譬如說，在屏東縣的一座公園裡，管理公園的官員請求國立屏東科技大學利用他們所訓練的狗去找出哪些樹得了褐根病。因為狗的敏銳嗅覺，牠們能夠查出染病的樹。一旦牠們找到這樣的樹，牠們就會坐在樹邊，直到訓練員遞給牠們點心當作獎賞。管理公園的官員就會在樹倒下傷到人之前，先移除這些染病的樹。
3 You may have seen sniffer dogs helping find hidden
drugs, explosives, or missing people under the wreckage after a disaster.
1. may have
seen 推測過去可能見過這種情況。本句型重點請見本課Focal Point 2。
2.
句型文法
感官動詞 + O +
VR（強調動作或事件的完整）/V-ing（強調動作發生的當下或進行）
• I saw him enter this building last night.
→ 強調「進入」這個動作的完整過程。
• I saw him entering the building last night.
→ 強調「進入」這個動作發生的當下。
3. hidden為hide的過去分詞當形容詞用，意為「藏起來的」。（hide－hid－hidden）
SPP3: 分詞形容詞V-ing/p.p. + N
² 由動詞變化而來的現在分詞（V-ing）和過去分詞（p.p.）有時可直接置於名詞前當作形容詞用。
² 現在分詞有「正在進行或主動」的意味，表示「正……的」或「令人……的」。
² 過去分詞有「已經完成或被動」的意味，表示「已……的」、「被
……的」或「感到……的」。
……的」或「感到……的」。
² 許多情緒動詞都有V-ing和p.p.變化的形容詞，如interest、frighten、satisfy、excite、confuse、worry等。
² 常見的形容詞還有coming（即將到來的）、stolen（被盜的）、running（流動的、運轉的）、broken（損壞的）、injured（受傷的）等。
Ÿ
You
may have seen sniffer dogs helping find hidden drugs, explosives, or missing
people under the wreckage after a disaster.
（你可能見過偵測犬協尋暗藏的毒品、爆裂物或災後被埋在殘骸下失蹤的人。）
Ÿ
The
living standards in developing countries are lower than those in developed
countries, and the majority of people live under the poverty line.
（開發中國家的生活水準比已開發國家低，多數國民生活在貧窮線下。）
Ÿ
A rolling
stone gathers no moss.
（【諺】滾石不生苔。）
Ÿ
Lost time is never found again.
（【諺】逝去的時間再也尋不回。）
Ÿ
If you
go to Alaska, you should try living in a “dry cabin” that has no running
water.
（如果你去阿拉斯加，你應該住住看沒有自來水的「乾式小屋」。）
4 However, you may not be aware of some other interesting ways
that sniffer dogs assist people.
1.
句型文法
(1) be aware of N/that + S + V 知道；知曉
• We are all aware that every one of us should take action to protect the
earth.
(2) 注意 aware 不可以放在名詞前修飾名詞。相同用法的形容詞有：afraid, alike, alive, awake...。
2.
句型文法
|
... ways that + S + V ……的方法
that引導的形容詞子句用來形容前面的ways，that亦可省略（口語用法）或用in
which代替。
‧Let me show you some other ways that we
can handle the situation.
|
5 ... park officials asked the National Pingtung University of
Science and Technology to use its trained dogs to find out which trees were
infected with brown root disease.
1. A ask B to VR A要求B去做……
• Jane often asks her father to drive her to school.
2. sb./sth. be infected with 病症
某人／物感染……病
• Sam had the flu, so he asked for three days’ sick
leave.
(p.79)
6 Once they had located such a tree, they would sit down
by the tree until their trainer handed a treat to them as a
reward.
SPP 4: once作連接詞和副詞
² once作連接詞和副詞的意思不同，作連接詞表示「一旦、一……就……（兩個動作緊接著發生，相當於as soon as）」，作副詞表示「曾經；一次」。
² once作連接詞時，若引導的句子在主要子句前，中間用逗點隔開。
² 應注意從前後文和once的位置來判斷其詞性和意義。
² once還有名詞用法，表示「一次」。
Ÿ
Once they had located such a tree, they would
sit down by the tree until their trainer handed a treat to them as a reward.
（牠們一找出這樣的一棵樹，就會坐在樹旁，直到訓練員給牠們點心作為獎賞為止。）
Ÿ
The
pastel de nata was once a real hit in Taiwan, but soon it was replaced
by other pastries.
（葡式蛋撻在臺灣曾紅極一時，但不久就被其他糕餅取代。）
Ÿ
I won’t
ride the roller coaster again. Once is enough.
（我不會再搭雲霄飛車了。一次就夠了。）
1. by prep. 在……旁邊 SYN beside, by the side of
• The hotel is located by the river; it commands (擁有) a beautiful view.
2. treat n. [C] 款待；美食；vt. 招待；對待
• Jeff took his daughter to an amusement park as her birthday
treat.
• My parents
treated me to a big dinner because I made a great improvement on the monthly exam.
Reading P3
Sniffer dogs’ ability to detect sickness is not limited to trees. They have also been trained to identify15 cancer patients, or to predict16
the arrival17 of health-related problems in humans. Maria
Tello, a 58-year-old woman with diabetesž, was asleep in bed one night. Suddenly, her dog,
Malachi, opened its eyes and got up. It had sensed that
Maria’s blood sugar was dropping to a dangerously low level.
Malachi pushed her with all four legs
until she woke up. It then jumped off the bed
and got her medicine for her. As it turned out, Malachi had saved Maria’s life
for the fifth time that
year. 偵測犬偵測疾病的能力並不限於樹木而已。牠們也被訓練來辨識癌症病人，或預測人類身上將出現的健康問題。Maria
Tello，一位58歲患有糖尿病的老女士，有天晚上在床上睡著。突然間，她的狗Malachi睜開眼睛、爬了起來。牠意識到Maria的血糖正降到過低的危急程度。Malachi用四條腿推她直到她醒過來為止。然後Malachi跳離開床拿藥給她。結果，Malachi那一年救了Maria的命整整五次之多。
7 They have also been trained to identify cancer patients,
or to predict the arrival of health-related problems in humans.
1. arrival n.
[U] 到達
• The rescue
team’s arrival saved the old man who had been lost in the mountain for days.
2. health-related adj.
和健康有關的
句型文法
此為名詞和分詞結合構成的複合形容詞。此類複合形容詞常見的有：
(1) man-made 人工的
(2) hand-held 手提的
(3) mouth-watering 令人垂涎的
(4) eye-catching 引人注目的
這種結構的形成是由以下方式演變而來：
• This bag is held by hand.（被動）
→ This is a
hand-held bag.
• The great firework display caught my eye.（主動）
→ This was
a very eye-catching firework display.
SPP 5: 複合形容詞N-p.p.
² 名詞和過去分詞或現在分詞間以連字號（-）連接，形成N-p.p.或N-V-ing的複合形容詞，置於名詞前修飾名詞。
² 如何判斷用過去分詞還是現在分詞：複合形容詞修飾的對象，決定分詞是p.p.還是V-ing。例如eye-catching colors表示「引人注目的顏色」，因為顏色「引起別人注意」為主動，所以用V-ing。反之，machine-made
rugs表示「機器製的地毯」，因為地毯「被製造」，所以用p.p.表示被動。
² 例句解釋：第一個例句中的health-related problems可以理解成「problems which are related to (people’s) health」；第二個例句的poverty-stricken nations可以理解成「nations that are stricken with/by poverty（為貧困所苦）」，就能夠看出是被動。
² N用於複合形容詞中不加s，轉換時應多加注意。常見的形容詞有hand-made（手工製的）、hand-held（手持的）、heart-breaking（令人心碎的）、heart-broken（悲傷的）、heart-shaped（心型的）、man-made（人造的）、snow-covered（被雪覆蓋的）、air-conditioned（有空調的）。
Ÿ
They
have also been trained to identify cancer patients, or to predict the arrival
of health-related problems in humans.
（牠們也被訓練來辨識癌症病患，或是預測人類身上將罹患的健康問題。）
Ÿ
One of
the most poverty-stricken nations in the world is the Democratic
Republic of Congo.
（世界上最貧困的國家之一是剛果民主共和國。）
8 It had sensed that Maria’s blood sugar
was dropping to a dangerously low level.
1. sense vt.
意識到
• In the countryside, we can sense the quiet freshness
of nature.
詞類變化
(1) sense n. [C]（五官）知覺；辨識力
• Dogs have a keen sense of smell; they can tell many different smells.
• a sense of humor/duty 幽默感／責任感
(2) sensor n. [C] 感應器
• There is a sensor on the door, so it opens automatically
when people approach the door.
2. blood sugar 血糖
字詞搭配 blood的其他字詞搭配：
(1) blood pressure 血壓（= BP）
(2) blood type 血型
(3) blood bank 血庫
(4) in cold blood 冷血地；殘酷地；無情地
(5) Blood is thicker than water. 【諺】血濃於水。
詞類變化
bleed vi. 流血（bleed—bled—bled）
• Ben’s nose is bleeding heavily; we have to try to stop it.
9 As it
turned out, Malachi had saved Maria’s life for the fifth time that
year.
1. as it turned out 為副詞子句，置於句首時需用逗點與主要子句隔開。
2. for the + 序數 + time 第……次
• Jane has won the speech championship for the second time
this year.
(p.80)
Reading P4
How exactly can sniffer dogs smell diseases? On the whole, diseases cause chemical18 changes in
plants, animals, or even human bodies. Sniffer dogs just need to be trained to identify these smells. To do this, trainers need to expose the dogs many times to the smell
of plants, animals, or humans that are carrying particular
diseases. Then when the dogs encounter19
new plants, animals, or people, they can identify the sick ones right away. 偵測犬究竟是如何聞出疾病的？整體而言，疾病在植物、動物、甚至人體上造成化學變化。偵測犬只需被訓練辨識這些味道即可。為了要做到這一點，訓練員需要把狗暴露在帶有特定疾病的植物、動物、或人類的味道中許多次。然後，當狗遇到新的植物、動物、或人類時，牠們就能立刻辨識出生病的那些。
10 To do this, trainers need to expose the
dogs many times to the smell of plants, animals, or humans that are
carrying particular diseases.
1. To/In order to VR, S + V. 為了……，……（表目的）
SYN With a view to V-ing, S +V.
• To/In order to get to the school on
time, Mary and I took a taxi.
• With a view to writing a good paper, I looked up a
lot of information on the Internet.
2. expose
A to B 把A暴露在B中
SYN
A be exposed to B
• Exposing our eyes to strong light may be harmful.
詞類變化
exposure n. [U] 暴露
• Too much exposure to sunlight may cause you sunburn.
11 Then when the dogs encounter new plants, animals, or
people, they can identify the sick ones right away.
1. ones為不定代名詞，用來代替前面提過的複數可數名詞，在本句為new plants, animals, or people。
• Please show me the blue shirt and the white one.
• I like red roses better than pink ones.
2. right away 立刻；馬上
SYN immediately,
at once, in no time
• When the
bell rings, students should go into the classroom right away/immediately/
at once/in no time.
at once/in no time.
Reading P5
It seems that dogs are
really our best friends because they can save our lives. And it also seems that
the more we learn
about our dog friends, the
more they will be able to help us. With such a spectacular sense
of smell, dogs may be
able to benefit20 us in still more ways in the future! 狗似乎真的是我們最好的朋友，因為牠們能夠救我們的命。而且我們對於狗朋友懂得愈多，牠們就能幫助我們愈多。擁有如此出眾的嗅覺，在未來狗也許會在更多方面使我們獲益良多。
12 It seems
that dogs are really our best friends because they can save our lives.
It seems that + S + V. 似乎 SYN S seem to VR.
• It seems that Alex doesn’t like pop music.
→ Alex
doesn’t seem to like pop music.
• It seemed that Tom didn’t like the PE class at all.
→ Tom
didn’t seem to like the PE class at all.
SPP 6: It seems
that S + V…. → S seem(s) to VR.
² seem表示「似乎、好像」，要描述的事件包含動作時，有兩種常用句型：用虛主詞的It seems that S + V和後接不定詞的S +
seem(s) + to VR。
² It seems that的that為連接詞，所以後面接完整的句子。
² 此二句型可以相互代換。例如「It seems that he is a nice person.」中，that後的主詞換到seems
to前，把is還原成be，就變成「He seems to be a nice person.」。
² S seem(s) to VR的相關用法可參考本冊第八課句型。
² seem後可直接接形容詞，或是接介系詞like再接名詞，表示「似乎、看起來好像」，用以修飾主詞。
Ÿ
It
seems that dogs are really
our best friends because they can save our lives.
（狗狗們似乎真是我們最好的朋友，因為牠們可以拯救我們的性命。）
Ÿ
The
pig seems to know where to find truffles in the forest thanks to its outstanding sense of smell.
（因為其優異的嗅覺，這隻豬似乎知道要到森林中的何處找松露。）
Ÿ
Getting
my tongue pierced seemed like a good idea at the time, but it no longer seemed cool when I got an
infection.
（穿舌環在當時似乎是個好主意，但是當我舌頭感染時就再也不酷了。）
SPP 1: The + 比較級…, the + 比較級…
²
此對稱句型表示「愈……，就愈……」，用來強調兩件事情之間程度變化的連動關係。
²
形容詞和副詞的比較級皆可用。如僅比較名詞，則寫成「The more/less N…, the more/less N….」。
²
兩句間用逗點即可，不要再使用連接詞。
² 句子如何轉換：例如在條件句「If I run farther, my muscles will get sorer.」中，farther為副詞比較級，表示跑步的距離遠近，sorer為形容詞比較級，表示肌肉狀態改變。要強調「跑得愈遠就愈痠痛」，就把farther和sorer移前置於the後，變成「The
farther I run, the
sorer my muscles will get.」。
² 慣用語常只保留「the + 比較級」部分，建議可以此來幫助記憶句型結構，如「The sooner(,) the better.」。
Ÿ
And it
also seems that the more we learn about our dog friends, the more
they will be able to help us.
（而似乎我們對狗朋友懂得愈多，牠們就能幫助我們愈多。）
Ÿ
The
longer I look at the rock,
the more I feel that it resembles a giant vase.（我看這塊岩石愈久，就愈覺得它像個巨大的花瓶。）
Ÿ
“All
life is an experiment. The more experiments you make the better.”
―Ralph Waldo Emerson（「人生就是一場實驗。你實驗做得愈多愈好。」──愛默生）
Ÿ
The
more(,) the merrier.
（【口】人愈多愈好玩。）
13 With such a spectacular sense of smell,
dogs may be able to benefit us in still more ways in the future!
1. with
prep. 有；用
• With hard work, Amy trained herself to run a
marathon.
• You can cut the watermelon with the sharp knife in
the kitchen.
2. spectacular
adj. 驚人的；壯觀的；出眾的
• Taroko Gorge has one of the most spectacular views
in the world.
3. way n. [C] 方面
• That essay is not good in several ways, especially
the conclusion.
SPP 2: (I) may/must + VR (II) may/must + have P.P.
² may和must都是表推測的助動詞。must是極為肯定的推測，表示「一定是、想必」。may的把握沒有must強，表示「可能、也許」。
² may/must後接「原形動詞」，表示對「現在」事件的肯定推測。
² may/must後接「have
p.p.」，表示對「過去」事件的肯定推測。
² 比較may be和maybe：may是助動詞，後接主要動詞be；maybe是修飾全句的副詞，同義字為perhaps。
²
With
such a spectacular sense of smell, dogs may be able to benefit us in
still more ways in the future!
（有如此優異的嗅覺，狗狗們未來或許能夠在更多方面造福我們！）
²
This
is Dean’s fifth turkey sandwich. He must be really hungry.
（這是Dean吃的第五個火雞肉三明治。他一定非常餓。）
²
My
father isn’t home yet; he may be working late.
（我父親還沒到家；他可能工作到很晚。）
²
You must
have been here many times because you know the place so well.
（由於你對此地如此了解，你之前一定來過很多次。）
Ÿ
Maybe I will buy a car, or maybe I won’t.
（或許我會買臺車，或許我不會。）
Ÿ
I hate
to say it, but you may be right.
（我很不想這麼說，但你可能是對的。）
(p.81)
Comprehension
Main Idea Choose the best answer to the question.
D What is “Sniffing out More than Just Bones”
mainly about?
〈嗅出的不只是骨頭〉主要是關於什麼？
(A) How sniffer dogs
are trained to find hidden drugs.
偵測犬如何被訓練找出藏起來的毒品。
偵測犬如何被訓練找出藏起來的毒品。
(B) Why sniffer dogs
like to be with sick trees or patients.
為何偵測犬喜歡和生病的樹或病人在一起。
(C) What sniffer dogs
do when they sniff out a sick plant.
當偵測犬嗅出生病的植物時，牠們會做什麼。
(D) How dogs use
their keen sense of smell to help people.
狗如何利用牠們敏銳的嗅覺來幫助人類。
Details Choose the best answer to each question.
A 1. Why can some dogs be trained to become
sniffer dogs?
為什麼有些狗能被訓練成偵測犬？
(A) They have a very sensitive sense of smell.
牠們有非常敏銳的嗅覺。
牠們有非常敏銳的嗅覺。
(B) They are much more careful when they sniff.
當牠們聞東西時，謹慎小心許多。
(C) They are more loyal to humans than other animals.
牠們比其他動物對人類更忠心。
(D) They run much faster than other animals.
牠們跑得比其他動物快很多。
D 2. When a sniffer dog finds a sick tree, what will
it do?
當偵測犬找到生病的樹時，牠會做什麼？
(A) It will bark at the sick tree for a while.
牠會對著生病的樹吠叫一陣子。
(B) It will remove the sick tree before it falls.
在這棵生病的樹倒下來之前，牠會把它移除掉。
(C) It will catch brown root disease.
牠會感染褐根病。
(D) It will sit down by the tree until it gets a treat.
牠會坐在樹旁直到牠得到獎賞。
C 3. Malachi tried hard to awaken his owner Maria
because .
Malachi努力叫醒牠的主人Maria是因為 。
(A) Maria
had totally lost consciousness* while she slept
Maria在睡夢中完全失去意識
(B) Malachi
had identified her as a cancer patient
Malachi辨識出她是癌症病人
(C) Maria’s
blood sugar was dropping to a low level
Maria的血糖降得很低
(D) Malachi
had saved her life many times that year
Malachi在那年曾救活她好幾次
* consciousness n. [U] 意識
|
(p.82)
B 4. Why can sniffer dogs smell diseases in
plants and animals?
為什麼偵測犬能聞出植物和動物的病？
(A) The smell of a
disease in plants and animals interests sniffer dogs.
偵測犬對植物和動物生病的味道很有興趣。
(B) Dogs can be trained
to identify the chemical changes in plants and animals.
狗可以被訓練辨認植物和動物身上的化學變化。
(C) Sniffer dogs are
safe from the diseases of plants and animals.
偵測犬不會感染植物和動物的病。
(D) Sniffer dogs have the same diseases as plants and
animals.
偵測犬跟植物和動物有同樣的病。
B:
I don’t know. He ( may sleep late / may have slept late ).
A：今天早上的會議為什麼John沒有出席？B：我不知道。他或許睡太晚了。
Judy或許已經離開了。她的行李不在她的房間裡。
4. Someone is singing in the bathroom.
It ( may be / may have been ) Tony.
5. Sue hasn’t arrived home yet. Something
( must happen / must have happened ) to her on the way.
4. Alan can’t find his novel.
Grammar
Focal Point 1
The + 比較級…, the + 比較級….
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||||||
(1) 此句型表「愈……，愈……」之意，用於兩句子「程度」上的連動關係。
(2) 前半部為副詞子句，後半部為主要子句。
(3) 慣用語常省略主詞與動詞，如：The
sooner, the better.（愈快愈好。）
|
||||||
The
|
more
less
|
Adj
|
S + V,
the
|
more
less
|
Adj
|
S + V.
|
Adv
|
Adv
|
|||||
(N)
|
(N)
|
|||||
Adj-er
|
Adj-er
|
|||||
Adv-er
|
Adv-er
|
|||||
Examples
● And it also seems that the more we learn about our dog friends,
the
more they will be able to help us.
似乎也是這樣：我們對狗朋友懂得愈多，牠們能幫助我們的就愈多。
● The more we know, the more
we learn about ourselves.
我們知道愈多，對自己就懂得愈多。
● The
more easily you make your fortune, the
sooner you may lose it.
你錢賺得愈容易，失去得也愈快。
● The larger the population becomes,
the
poorer the quality of life gets.
人口愈多，生活品質也變得愈差。
● The higher we climb, the
farther we see.
我們爬得愈高，看得愈遠。
圖像記憶學句型：用趣味的方法詮釋第5個例句，加深同學的印象。
(p.89)
Practice Complete the following sentences by using the
pattern above.
1. The more knowledge a man has ,
the humbler he is.
(knowledge/a man/have)
一個人愈有知識就愈謙虛。
2. The more efforts we make
in our youth , the better life we will live in old age. (efforts/we make/in our youth)
年輕時我們愈努力，年老時就會過著愈好的生活。
3. The older we get, the
more we realize the importance of health . (we/realize/the
importance of health)
年紀愈大，我們就愈能體會健康的重要性。
4. The more quickly you finish the
project, the
faster you will get the results . (fast/you
will/get the results)
你愈快完成計畫，就會愈快得到結果。
5. The farther I am away from home,
the
more I miss it
. (I/miss/it)
離家愈遠，我就愈想家。
文法句型
Focal Point 1
The + 比較級 + S + V...,
the + 比較級 + S + V....
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教學建議
本單元是介紹由比較級所形成的各種句型。這些句型用來表達「程度的升降、數量的增減、時間的快慢等等」。老師可先補充學生容易犯錯的形容詞與副詞的不規則變化，進而介紹單一句子的句型。熟悉後再解說課文重點：由比較級形成的句子對比。
|
(1) 複習句型：adj./adv.不規則變化
1 good/well → better → best
2 bad/ill → worse → worst
3 many/much → more → most
4 little → less → least
• Parents
shouldn’t give their kids more money than they need.
• Nowadays, people eat less red meat than they used
to.
(2) 複習句型：「愈來愈……」的句型
1 Adj-er/Adv-er and
Adj-er/Adv-er
2 more and more
Adj/Adv/N
3 less and less +
Adj/Adv/N
4 fewer and fewer +
N
• As
Jack didn’t go to see a doctor, his condition got worse and worse.
• Living
costs in big cities are getting higher and higher every day.
• After
Joe failed the monthly exam, he began to study harder and harder.
• More
and more
doctors have begun to use the new medicine to treat their patients with AIDS.
• As
time went by, Debby cared less and less about her appearance.
• As the
traffic laws become more severe, fewer and fewer drivers violate them.
(3) 課文句型：
The +
Adj-er/Adv-er... + S + V,
the +
Adj-er/Adv-er + S + V....
說明：1本句型用於單音節的形容詞或副詞。2形容詞比較級配合be及連綴動詞；副詞比較級配合動詞。
• The
richer a man is, the greedier
he gets.
• The
sooner you come to the party, the
happier we shall be.
• The
higher you climb up the mountain,
the farther you see.
• The
longer you stay in Taiwan, the
better you’ll understand it.
• The
more we learn, the more
we discover our ignorance.
(4) 課文句型：
The + 比較級..., the + 比較級....
說明：1此句型用於多音節的形容詞或副詞。2形容詞比較級配合be及連綴動詞；副詞比較級配合動作動詞。
• The more careful you are, the
fewer mistakes you’ll make.
• The more hardships you can bear, the
greater success you will achieve in the future.
• The more easily you get your
wealth, the sooner you will lose it.
• The more wine Ted drinks, the
more he speaks.
(5) 補充句型：
說明：1若S與V不是焦點訊息時（如後接it is或there is時）常會省略。2本句型常用於「格言」的對稱。
• The more, the better.（愈多愈好。）
• The sooner, the better.（愈快愈好。）
• More haste, less speed.（欲速則不達。）
(6) 補充句型：
much/far/even/still/a
little/a lot + 比較級 + than...
說明：形容詞與副詞之比較級，可用副詞來修飾。
• The price of fish is much higher than I (had)
expected.
• English is far more difficult to learn than I
(had) thought.
• With her long legs, Sue can run even faster than
all the other boys in her class.
(p.89)
補充練習
A. 選出適當的字詞填入句中
few little more less better worse
1. For lack of
water, there are plants growing in
the desert.
2. Nowadays,
parents spend time talking with
their children.
3. The older we
grow, the we realize the importance
of health.
4. John is so ill
that there is hope that he will
get well.
5. With many factories dumping their waste into rivers, river pollution
will get and .
B. 引導式翻譯（1-3題為題組、4-5題為題組）
1. 近十年來有愈來愈多的老年人。
In the past decade, .
2. 但是，願意照顧年老父母的子女也愈來愈少。
However, there are .
3. 因此，政府愈來愈重視這個嚴重問題（...
puts...stress...）。
Therefore, the government .
4. 許多人是貪婪的──他們擁有愈多，想要的就愈多。
Many people are greedy－ .
5. 到最後他們會發現他們生活地愈來愈不快樂。
In the end, they will find .
參考答案：
A. 1. few 2. little/less 3. more/better 4. little 5. worse, worse
B.
1. there are more and more aged/old people
2. also fewer and fewer children who are willing to take care of their old
parents
3. puts more and more stress on this serious problem
4. the more they have, the more they want
5. that they live
less and less happily
Focal Point 2
(I) may/must + VR
(II) may/must +
have P.P.
|
(1)助動詞may（可能）、must（一定）可用來表示「推測」。
(2) may/must + VR表示「對現在的推測」其意為「（現在）可能／一定……」。
(3)may/must + have P.P. 表示「對過去的推測」其意為「（過去）可能／一定……」。
|
Examples
● With such a spectacular sense of smell, dogs may be able
to benefit us in still more ways in the future!
有這麼驚人的嗅覺，狗在未來或許在其他更多方面能對我們有益！
● Mandy must feel lonely because her children
live far away from home.
Mandy一定感到很寂寞，因為她的子女都遠離家園。
● It’s late and you are still outside. Your mother must
be waiting for you.
時間那麼晚了，你還在外頭。你媽媽一定在等著你。
● You may
have seen sniffer dogs helping find hidden drugs, explosives, or missing
people under the wreckage after a disaster.
你或許曾見過偵測犬協助找出藏起來的毒品、炸藥、或災難後埋在殘骸底下的失蹤人口。
(p.90)
● I knocked at Joe’s door but there was no answer. He must
have left.
我敲Joe的門但是沒人應門。他一定已經離開了。
● It must
have rained last night because the ground is wet.
昨晚一定下過雨，因為地上現在溼溼的。
Practice A Choose the correct answer for each question.
1. A: Why didn’t John show up at the meeting this
morning?
B:
I don’t know. He ( may sleep late / may have slept late ).A：今天早上的會議為什麼John沒有出席？B：我不知道。他或許睡太晚了。
2. Judy (may leave / may have left ). Her baggage isn’t
in her room.
Judy或許已經離開了。她的行李不在她的房間裡。
3. Emily can’t speak Chinese. She ( must be / must have
been ) a foreigner.
Emily不會說國語。她一定是外國人。
4. Someone is singing in the bathroom.
It ( may be / may have been ) Tony.
有人正在浴室唱歌。或許是Tony吧。
5. Sue hasn’t arrived home yet. Something
( must happen / must have happened ) to her on the way.
Sue還沒回到家。路上一定發生了什麼事。
Practice B Put the parts in the correct order to form a
sentence.
1. He/have/may/them/left/in the car
è Alan can’t find his glasses. He may have left them in the car .
Alan找不到他的眼鏡。或許他把它們放在車上了。
2. now/hard/He/be studying/must
è Dylan has a big exam tomorrow. He must be studying hard
now .
Dylan明天要大考。他現在一定在用功讀書。
3. She/gone/have/may/home
è We don’t see Annie anywhere. She may have gone home .
我們到處都找不到Annie。或許她已經回家去了。
4. well/have/must/done/on the exam/He
è Sam looked
happy all day today.
He
must have done well on the exam .
Sam今天整天看起來都很快樂。他一定考試考得很好。
5. Jason/received/must/have/the letter
è Jason
must have received the letter
that I sent a week ago.
Jason一定已經收到我一個禮拜前所寄的信了。
Focal Point 2
(I)
may/must + VR
(II) may/must + have P.P.
|
教學建議
may/must可以用來表示「猜測」之意：may/must +
VR表示「對現在的猜測」；may/must + have P.P. 表示「對過去的猜測」。教學順序建議如下：
(1)
may/must 基本語法。
(2)
may/must + VR表「對現在的猜測」。must語氣較堅定。
(3)
may/must + have + P.P.表「對過去的猜測」。
(4) 表「猜測」與「假設」的語法結構。
|
(1) 複習句型：may/must 的用法
jmay 可能
kmust 一定 SYN have to
說明：must,
have to的過去式應用had
to。
• Ray may be a gifted painter; his sand pictures are
incredible.
• To become a good violinist, Paul must practice the violin
every night.
• We had to call off the dinner party last night because there
was a storm.
(2) 課文句型：對現在的推測
S + may/must + VR
說明：本句型是對目前事情的推測。
• According to the weather report, it may rain.
• It must be raining outside because everyone is carrying an
umbrella.
(3) 課文句型：對過去的推測
S + may/must +
have P.P.
說明：j本句型是對過去事情的推測。k句中常有表過去的時間副詞或過去的動詞作為判斷的依據。
• Jack hasn’t arrived yet. His flight may have
been delayed.
• Alan can’t find his glasses. He may have left
them on the table.
• I can’t find my cellphone.
I must have left it at home.
(p.90)
(4) 補充句型：對現在的推測與假設
推測：may/must + VR
假設：would/could/might/should + VR
• Lily must be crazy. She has been talking to
herself for hours.（推測）
• It
is said that when lots of earthworms (蚯蚓) are seen on the road, an earthquake may be about to
strike. （推測）
• If it were not for these big trees, there would be
no pleasant shade.（假設）
• If Danny were here, he would take your advice.（假設）
(5) 補充句型：對過去的推測與假設
推測：may/must + have + P.P.
假設：would/could/might/should + have + P.P.
• Lucy may have been beautiful once, but she is not beautiful
anymore.（推測）
• I have not seen Norman for a week; something must have
happened to him.（推測）
• You would have recovered if you had taken your medicine.（假設）
• We could have caught the train if we had arrived earlier.（假設）
補充練習
A. 重組與合併
1.
must/She/home/gone/have
→ We don’t see
Rosa anywhere.
2.
must/It/stolen/been/have
→ I can’t find
my purse.
3.
may/She/lost/have/gotten/on the way
→ Tina hasn’t
arrived yet.
4. Alan can’t find his novel.
It is
possible that he left it on the bus.
→ Alan can’t
find his novel. He .
5. The ground is wet.
I am
sure Mr. Wang watered the plants this morning.
→ The ground
is wet. Mr. Wang .
B. 引導式翻譯
1. Cathy沒來上學，她可能生病了。
Cathy didn’t come to school; .
2. Joe不在家，他一定出去慢跑了。
Joe isn’t at home; .
3. 門上有便條紙，Alice一定來拜訪過我。
There is a note on the door.
4. Jean不會講中文，她可能是日本人。
Jean can’t speak Chinese.
5. Alan一直在咳嗽，他一定是感冒了。
Alan has been coughing a lot.
參考答案：
A.
1. She must
have gone home.
2. It must
have been stolen.
3. She may
have gotten lost on the way.
4. may have
left it on the bus
5. must have
watered the plants this morning
B.
1. she may
have gotten sick
2. he must
have gone jogging
3. Alice must
have come to visit me.
4. She may be
Japanese.
5. He must have caught a cold.
