文法講座二十八：不定代名詞 some/others/the other/another/one/ones
不定代名詞：one、ones
單數代名詞 one 指「隨便一個」，而複數代名詞
ones 指「隨便一些」。one 和 ones 可用來代替前面出現過的名詞，要用 “one” 或 “ones” 需視前面名詞單複數而定。注意：one 或 ones 前常搭配「形容詞」或「冠詞」the。
例句：Tom：這些筆記本中，你喜歡哪本？
Peter：(1) 我喜歡這一本。(2) 我喜歡這些藍色的。
Tom: Which of the notebooks do you like?
Peter: (1) I like this one. (2)
I like these blue ones.
答句 (1)：為代替問句裡已提過的名詞 notebook，且搭配單數形容詞 this (這ㄧ)，故填上單數代名詞
one。答句 (2)：為代替問句裡已提過的名詞 notebook，且搭配複數形容詞 these (這些)，故填上複數代名詞
ones。
請選出正確句子：
A. My glasses are broken. I need a new one.
B. Let’s look at the photos. The one you took
in Paris.
C. Some of the questions are hard, so I find
the easier ones and do them first.
D. The dress looks good on me. Can I buy one?
解答：C
A 選項，我的眼鏡壞掉了。我需要一副新的。
有形容詞 new，後方不是搭 one 就是搭 ones。代替前方說過的複數名詞 glasses，得用複數代名詞ones。句子的正確寫法為：
My glasses are broken. I need new ones.
B 選項，我們來看照片吧！你在巴黎照的那些。
有定冠詞 the，後方不是搭 one 就是搭 ones。代替前方說過的複數名詞 photos，得用複數代名詞 ones。句子的正確寫法為：
Let’s look at the photos. The ones
you took in Paris.
C 選項，有些問題很難，所以我先找出簡單的來做。
有定冠詞 easier，後方不是搭 one 就是搭 ones。從 do “them” first 可知得用複數代名詞 ones。
D 選項，這件洋裝我穿好看。我可以買嗎？
從文意可知，我想買的就是我身上穿得這件，而不是隨便一件，故只能用 it (特定的一個)，而不是 one (隨便一個)。句子的正確寫法為：
The dress looks good on me. Can I buy it?
不定代名詞：one、another、the
other、the others、some、others
接下來僅用例句解釋如何使用以下代名詞：one
(隨便一個)、another (再來一個)、the other (最後一個)、the others (最後一些)。
例句：我看見兩件毛衣。ㄧ件紅的，ㄧ件藍的。
I saw two sweaters. One
is red, and the other is
blue.
從兩件毛衣中任意挑一件，可用 one (隨便一個)，挑走ㄧ件後，只剩下一件，別無選擇，所以得用定冠詞 the 再加單數的 other，the
other 意指「最後一個」。
例句：我看見三件毛衣。ㄧ件紅的，ㄧ件藍的，ㄧ件白的。
I saw three sweaters. One
is red, another is blue, and the other is white.
從三件毛衣中任意挑一件，可用 one (隨便一個)。挑走ㄧ件後，剩下兩件，可從中再挑ㄧ件，所以用 another (再來一個)。三件挑走兩件後，只剩「最後一件」，所以用 the other。
例句：我看見四件毛衣。ㄧ件紅的，ㄧ件藍的，ㄧ件白的，ㄧ件綠的。
I saw four sweaters. One
is red, another is blue, another is white, and the other is green.
從四件毛衣中任意挑一件，可用one (隨便一個)。挑走ㄧ件後，剩下三件，可從中再挑ㄧ件，所以用 another (再來一個)。挑走兩件後，剩下兩件，可從中再挑ㄧ件，所以再用 another (再來一個)。四件挑走三件後，只剩「最後一件」，所以用 the other。
例句：我看見四件毛衣。ㄧ件紅的，三件藍的。
I saw four sweaters. One
is red and the others are blue.
從四件毛衣中任意挑一件，可用 one (隨便一個)。挑走ㄧ件後，僅剩那「三件」都是藍的，所以用 the others (最後那些)。
例句：我看見八件毛衣。三件紅，五件藍。也就是說，ㄧ些紅的，ㄧ些藍的。
I saw eight sweaters. Three are red, and five are blue.
= I saw eight sweaters. Three are red, and the
others are blue.
= I saw eight sweaters. Some of the
sweaters are red and the others
are blue.
= I saw eight sweaters. Some of them
are red and the others are blue.
句中清楚點明數字，表限定之意，故用有定冠詞的「some of …/ the others」寫法。三件毛衣是八件毛衣中的「一些」，可用some (一些)，搭配複數動詞；接著剩下五件全選，全都是藍色，故用複數the others，搭配複數動詞。
例句：Amy 的毛衣在櫥子裡。有些是紅色，有些是藍色。
Amy's sweaters are in the closet. Some
are red and others are blue.
句中沒清楚點明數字，故不需限定，僅用「some / others」寫法。
文法講座二十九：主要子句，with + N (受詞) + adj (受詞補語)
「with + N + adj」用來表示伴隨主要句而來的細部動作和狀況。「介係詞」with，後方搭配「名詞」，補充說明名詞可用「形容詞」或「介係詞片語」。
例句：我騎著腳踏車，頭髮在風中飛揚。
I rode a bike, with my hair
blowing in the wind.
[主要句] [名詞] [Ving 形容詞]
由於頭髮在風中「飛揚」是自然而然的，所以用帶有主動進行意味的 Ving 形容詞。Ving 及 p.p. 分詞當形容詞的詳細用法請見 文法講座四。
例句：Amy 站在那裡，手裡拿了一本書。
Amy stood there, with a book in her hand.
[主要句] [名詞] [介係詞片語]
請選出正確的句子：
A. I walked home, with a strange man followed
me.
B. Liz walked out of the bathroom, with her
hair wet from the shower.
C. The man fell over motionless, with his
eyes widely opening.
D. The little boy spoke with his mouth to
fill with food.
解答：B
A 選項，我走路回家，有個奇怪男子ㄧ直尾隨我。句子結構分析如下：
I walked home, with a strange man followed me.
[主要句]
[名詞] [形容詞]
奇怪男子(strange man)自己可做「尾隨」這動作，所以應用帶主動進行意味的 Ving 分詞當形容詞。句子正確寫法為：
I walked home, with a strange man following me.
B 選項，麗茲走出浴室，頭髮因淋浴而濕濕的。句子結構分析如下：
Liz walked out of the bathroom,
with her hair wet from the shower.
[主要句]
[名詞] [形容詞]
名詞 her hair 後需搭配「形容詞」 wet。
C 選項，男子倒下，眼睛睜得大大的。
The man fell over motionless,
with his eyes widely opening.
[主要句] [名詞] [形容詞]
名詞 his eyes 後需搭配「形容詞」open，而不是 opening。wide 為副詞，加強形容 opening。
D 選項，小男孩說話時嘴巴塞滿食物。句子結構分析如下：
The little boy spoke with his mouth to fill with food.
[主要句]
[名詞]
名詞 his mouth 後需搭配「形容詞」full of
food，而不是動詞 fill with。
文法講座三十：副詞「因此」therefore
therefore、yet、moreover 和 otherwise 等可承接文意的副詞，使用方式如下：
或是
常見的副詞「因此」有：therefore、thus、hence、consequently、accordingly、as a result，用於承接互為因果關係的兩個句子。
例句：豪雨將持續，因此下周排定的所有賽事已被取消。
Heavy rain is to continue ;
therefore, all the games scheduled next week are cancelled.
Heavy rain is to continue . Therefore,
all the games scheduled next week are cancelled.
Heavy rain is to continue , and
therefore all the games scheduled next week are cancelled.
例句：因為沒有確切證據，所以他已被釋放了。
No sufficient evidence was found ; as a result, he was released.
No sufficient evidence was found . As
a result, he was released.
No sufficient evidence was found , and
he was released as a result.
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