UNIT 5
1. S + V + 疑問詞(why/who(m)/what/when/where/how) + S (+ Aux) + V....
說明
1.
句型介紹間接問句的用法，疑問詞所引導的名詞子句為主要子句的受詞。間接問句不同於
一般疑問句的形式，其主詞和動詞不用倒裝，而以直述句的方式呈現，即S (+ Aux) + V...。
2. 其疑問詞包括：why問「原由」、who與whom問「人」、what問「事物」、when問「時間」、where問「地點」以及how問「方式」等。
3. 在此句型中，結尾的標點符號由主要子句決定，若主要子句為直述句，該句以句點結尾；若主要子句為疑問句，該句則以問號結尾。
例句
1. Many people wonder how they
can make friends with other people.
(許多人在想他們要如何和他人交朋友。)
2. David knows why Rosetta didn't
come to the meeting this morning.
(David知道Rosetta為何今天早上沒參加會議。)
3. Do you want to know where I
bought this watch?
(你想不想知道我在哪裡買這隻手錶？)
2. V1-ing…,
S + V2…
說明
1.
此句型為分詞構句的用法，是由when、after、as soon as等連接詞所引導的時間副詞子句簡化而來，其主要子句和副詞子句的主詞(S)須相同。
2. 簡化的步驟如下：先省略連接詞及副詞子句的主詞，然後將副詞子句中的「主動動詞」改為「現在分詞(V-ing)」。
3. 當主詞為人名時，副詞子句的主詞省略後，主要子句的人稱代名詞要改為該人名。此外，當要省略的動詞時態為「進行式」時，以V-ing的方式呈現。若副詞子句為否定句，改成分詞構句時，否定詞一律置於分詞之前。
例句
1. When you have prepared all the necessary
ingredients, you can then start to cook them together carefully.
→
Having prepared all the necessary ingredients, you can then start to cook them together carefully. (在準備好所有需要的材料時，你就可以開始仔細地把這些一起煮。)
2. After I left
→ Leaving
London, I've never heard from Andrea
(在我離開倫敦後，我就再也沒聽到Andrea的消息。)
3. As soon as Fiona got her salary,
she gave the money back to me.
→ Getting
her salary, Fiona gave the money back to me.
(Fiona一拿到薪水後，就立刻把錢還給我。)
說明
此句型由S + Vt + O延伸而來，受詞之後的wh-子句為直接受詞，表示「告知或詢問」的內容。wh-子句為間接問句用法，故須用直述句的語序。此句型中常見的動詞有ask、show、tell等。
例句
1.This recipe tells you exactly what you
need. (這本食譜恰好告訴你所需要的東西。)
2.Elsa asked me where the
(Elsa昨天問我台北車站在哪裡。)
3.John told me why he was angry with Dan. (John告訴我他為什麼生Dan的氣。)
4. If
+ S1 + V1..., S2 + Aux + V2....如果……，那麼……
說明
1.
if是連接詞，意思是「如果」，後面引導直說法的條件子句，表示「事實或普遍狀況」，說話者並無存有「與現在事實相反」的想法。
2.
if條件句中的動詞要使用現在簡單式。
3.
常見放在主要子句的助動詞有：will表示「將要」、can表示「能夠」、may表示「可能」和should表示「應該」等。
例句
1.If everything is done right, the
results can be something truly magical.
(如果每件事都處理得當，那麼結果可能會真的很神奇。)
2.These things may happen if global
warming continues to cause sea level to rise.
(如果全球暖化繼續造成海平面上升的話，這些事情可能會發生。)
3.If the price of the car rises next
month, I will not buy the car.
(如果這輛車子的價格下個月上漲，我就不會買了。)
5. S
+ Vt + O + by + N/V-ing
說明
1. 以句型為S + Vt + O的延伸用法，在S + Vt + O之後加上by所引導的介系詞片語，以作為補充說明之用。
2. 以介系詞by加上名詞或是動名詞組成的介系詞片語，by + N/V­ing為「藉由……，透過……」之意。
3. 介系詞片語by + N/V-ing也可置於句首，以逗號來與主要句子區隔，句意不變。
例句
1. By taking action, you can make something great
appear.
→ You can make
something great appear by taking action.
(你可以藉著採取行動讓很棒的事情發生。)
2. Emily made the drink by mixing lemon juice and
soda. (Emily用檸檬汁和汽水製作飲料。)
3.
(Helena已經透過網路訂購兩張Super
Junior演唱會的票。)
實力評量
( )1.If the weather ＿＿＿＿＿ bad tomorrow, what ＿＿＿＿＿ we do?
(A) is; would (B) will be;
will (C) is; will (D) would be; do
( ) 2.Vanessa doesn't know ＿＿＿＿＿ in Japan.
(A) where does she arrive (B)
when will she arrive
(C) where she arrives (D)
when she will arrive
( )3.＿＿＿＿＿ a gift from Billy, Brenda seemed embarrassed.
(A) Receiving (B) Receive (C) Received
(D) To receive
( )4.Please tell Mr. Wang to send this CD ＿＿＿＿＿ express.
(A) in (B) to
(C) by (D)
above
( )5.Mary doesn't tell me＿＿＿＿＿
(A) what is her secret? (B) what her secret is.
(C) how is her secret? (D) how her secret is.
( )6.You ＿＿＿＿＿ call me if you ＿＿＿＿＿ help.
(A) would; needed (B) will; need (C) can; need (D) could; needed
( )7.Willa learns to play the violin ＿＿＿＿＿ taking some lessons.
(A) by (B) on
(C) in (D)
over
( )8.Jimmy told me ＿＿＿＿＿ he was angry with Webber.
(A) what (B) why (C)
how (D)
where
( )9.Have you heard ＿＿＿＿＿?
(A) who is that woman (B) that
who is woman
(C) that woman who is (D) who
that woman is
( )10.＿＿＿＿＿ that English novel, I didn't look up new words in the dictionary.
(A) Read (B) Reading (C) To read (D) Had read
II. 配合題：從下列框中選出最適當的答案，以完成句子。
|
(A) ...when the movie started last night. |
|
(B) ...by being a part-time actor. |
|
(C) ...if he studies harder. |
|
(D) ...you can use the computer. |
|
(E) ...why Anita doesn't talk to me
anymore. |
＿＿＿＿＿ 1.I don't understand...
＿＿＿＿＿ 2.It is impossible for me to make a living...
＿＿＿＿＿ 3.Cindy asked me...
＿＿＿＿＿ 4.Nick may pass the exam...
＿＿＿＿＿ 5.Keying in your name and student number, ...
III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。
1.當我回應Melissa打來的電話時，我聽見了很多噪音。
A＿＿＿＿＿ a phone call from Melissa, I heard a lot of noise.
2.那個小孩透過詢問一位警察而找到了回家的路。
The kid found his way home ＿＿＿＿＿
＿＿＿＿＿ a
policeman.
3.這個魔術師向觀眾展示他如何讓一輛車消失。
The magician showed the audience ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿
＿＿＿＿＿ a car
disappear.
4.Norman不知道他的父母何時會來接他。
Norman doesn't know ＿＿＿＿＿ his parents ＿＿＿＿＿
＿＿＿＿＿ him up.
5.如果你6點沒有出現的話，我們會出發不等你。
If you ＿＿＿＿＿ show up at six, we ＿＿＿＿＿ start off without you.
沒有留言:
張貼留言