UNIT 6
1. because
+ S + V... → because of + N
說明
because為從屬連接詞,引導表「原因」的從屬子句,不可直接接名詞或動名詞,且不可單獨成句;而because of為介系詞片語,後須接名詞或名詞片語。兩者皆可置於句首或句中,置於句首時,須加逗點隔開兩個子句。
例句
1. Because
people like this “green” way of living, more and more companies
are now offering LOHAS goods.
→Because of
this “green” way of living, more and more companies are now offering
LOHAS goods.
(由於這種「綠色」的生活方式,越來越多公司現在提供樂活的商品。)
2. The ball game was
canceled because it rained heavily.
→The ball game was canceled because of the heavy rain.
(由於下大雨,所以球賽取消了。)
3. Because there was a big earthquake, many houses were destroyed.
→Because of
the big earthquake, many houses were destroyed.
(因為大地震,很多房子都損毀了。)
2. N +
who/which/that + V... → N + V-ing...
說明
此句型為關係子句簡化成「分詞片語」的用法。當關係代名詞為主格時,可將其省略,並將關係子句裡的動詞改為表主動的現在分詞(V-ing);若關係子句為進行式時,則只須將關係代名詞和be動詞省略即可。
例句
1. LOHAS has
become a term which/that describes a healthy and earth-friendly lifestyle.
→LOHAS has become a term describing a
healthy and earth-friendly lifestyle.
(樂活已經成為一個描述一種健康且環保的生活方式的用語了。)
2. Do you know the man who/that
sits over there?
→Do you know the man sitting over there? (你認識坐在那邊的那個男子嗎?)
3. The little cat which/that
is walking toward us looks cute.
→The little cat walking toward us looks
cute.
(朝我們走來的小貓看起來很可愛。)
3. what = the
thing(s) which/that
說明
1. what在此為複合關係代名詞,可作主詞、受詞或補語,表示「非特定的事物」,等同於the thing(s) which/that。複合關係代名詞兼具先行詞和關係代名詞的作用,相當於「先行詞 + 關係代名詞」。
2. 注意,當what作為主詞引導名詞子句時,須視為單數,後接單數動詞。
例句
1. What the
student does is an example of LOHAS.
→The things which/that the student does
are an example of LOHAS.
(這位學生所做的事便是一個樂活的例子。)
2. Cathy happily showed
me what she bought today.
→Cathy happily showed me the thing(s)
which/that she bought today.
(Cathy 開心地向我展示她今天買的東西。)
3. I don’t think what
Eric said was right.
→I don’t think the thing which/that Eric
said was right.
(我不認為Eric 說的事情是對的。)
4. N-Adj
說明
此為「名詞 + 形容詞」所構成的複合形容詞。複合形容詞是由兩種或兩種以上獨立的字組合而成的形容詞,這些字之間通常會加上連字號(-)。複合形容詞有非常多種,以下概列九種常見的組合:
1. N + V-ing:time-consuming (耗費時間的)、peace-loving
(愛好和平的);
2. N + Vpp:handmade (手工的)、man-caused (人為的);
3. N + Adj:world-famous (世界聞名的)、fat-free (不含脂肪的);
4. Adj + V-ing:good-looking
(好看的)、sweet-smelling
(香氣迷人的);
5. Adj + Vpp:newborn (新生的)、red-dyed (染成紅色的);
6. Adv + V-ing:fast-moving (快速的)、long-lasting
(持久的);
7. Adv + Vpp:carefully-made (仔細製作的)、well-known (知名的);
8. Adj + N-ed:good-hearted (好心腸的)、middle-aged (中年的);
9. 數量詞 + 單數名詞:名詞多為時間、價值、長度等的數值,ten-minute (十分鐘的)、five-story (五層樓的)。
例句
1. We can all become earth-friendly people by living a LOHAS lifestyle.
(我們可以藉由過著樂活的生活方式成為對地球友善的人。)
2. Hans Christian Andersen has been
considered a world-famous writer of
children’s stories. (安徒生被視為一位舉世聞名的兒童故事作家。)
3. Olivia is on a diet,
so she only drinks fat-free milk.
(Olivia 正在節食,所以她只喝脫脂牛奶。)
5. S + V + rather
than + N/V...
→ S + V + instead of + N/V-ing...
說明
1. rather than和instead of均為「而不是……」或「代替……」的意思,不過rather than後面須接原形動詞,instead of則須接現在分詞。
2. instead of也可以副詞instead替代,instead表示「反而,作為替代」的意思,可置於句首或句尾;置於句首時,需以逗號與句子隔開。要注意的是,instead所接的句子表示「有去做的事情」,而instead of接的句子則意味著「沒有去做的事情」。
例句
1. We take the stairs rather than elevators,
so we can save more electricity.
→ We take the stairs instead
of elevators, so we can save more electricity.
(我們走樓梯而不是搭電梯,所以能夠節省更多的電力。)
2. We can walk or take a
bus rather than ride a scooter.
→We can walk or take a bus instead of riding a scooter.
(我們可以用走的或是搭乘公車,以代替騎摩托車。)
3. We use our own shopping bags instead of using
the paper or plastic bags from the store.
→We
don’t use the paper or plastic bags from the store. Instead, we use
our own shopping bags.
→We
don’t use the paper or plastic bags from the store. We use our own shopping
bags instead.
(我們不使用店家的紙袋或塑膠袋,而用自己的購物袋作為替代。)
實力評量
( ) 1. I don’t know _____ Jerry is talking about now.
(A) which (B)
what (C) that (D) the thing
( )
2. The girl _____
beautifully on the stage is my younger sister.
(A) dances (B) dancing
(C) is dancing (D) who dancing
( )
3. We decided to watch a movie instead of _____ shopping.
(A)
go (B)
went (C) going (D) to go
( )
4. Andy’s mother got angry with him _____ his bad behavior.
(A) because (B) instead (C) because of (D) rather than
( )
5. Owen took a _____
bus ride to the airport.
(A) forty minutes (B)
forty minute
(C) forty-minutes (D)
forty-minute
II.
配合題:從下列框中選出最適當的答案,以完成句子。
(A) ...ask for others’ help. |
_____ 1. I have a history class...
_____ 2.
_____ 3. Zoe went to the supermarket after
lunch because...
_____ 4. Sisley tried to fix her computer
by herself rather than...
_____ 5. Allen called her mother to ask
what...
III. 改錯:挑出語法有誤的選項,並加以改正。
( ) ___________ 1. The little bird fell from the tree got hurt badly.
(A) (B) (C)
( ) ____________ 2. Ben was sent to the hospital because
of he had a high fever (發
(A) (B) (C)
燒).
( ) ____________ 3. I have bought a pair of handmaking shoes that
cost me much
(A) (B) (C)
money.
( ) ____________ 4. Jerry is too sleepy to focus on which
the teacher is
(A) (B) (C)
teaching in class.
( ) ____________ 5. Vera prefers not to eat out on
weekends. She usually cooks her
(A) (B)
own meals at home instead of.
(C)
IV. 引導式翻譯:每格限填一字。
1. Terry 累得不想說話。他現在需要的是睡個好覺。
Terry is too tired to talk. ____________ ____________ ____________
he needs now is a good sleep.
2. Sophia 沒有因為我犯的錯誤而對我生氣,她反而再次耐心地教導我。
Sophia didn’t get angry with me ____________ ____________ my mistakes. ____________, she patiently taught me again.
3. 那個正坐在樹下的男人是個長相好看的人。
That man ____________ under the tree is a g____________ guy.
4. Elaine 覺得我們明天可以去騎腳踏車,而不是整天待在家裡。
Elaine thinks that we can go bicycling tomorrow i____________
____________ ____________ at home all day long.
5. Berry 總在早上喝一杯濃縮咖啡,因為這種含有較多咖啡因的咖啡能讓他迅速清醒。
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