句型重點解析 UNIT 3.8

 UNIT 8

1. Some.... Others.... Still others....一些……。一些……。還有些……。

說明

1. 此句型為不定代名詞的用法，當指稱對象眾多時，只提出其中的三組來說明。

2. 如果只將群體分成兩組來說明時，則可用“Some of the N..., and the others....”表限定對象的用法。

例句

1. Good slogans can remain in people's memories for decades. Some are creative. Others are persuasive. Still others are funny.

(好的廣告語能夠停留在人們的記憶中長達幾十年。有些是有創意的。有些是具有說服力的。還有一些是有趣的。)

2. There are many people at the airport. Some are waiting for their flight. Others are waiting to be picked up. Still others are seeing their friends off.

(機場裡有很多人。有些人正在等待他們的班機。有些正等待接送。還有一些正在為好友們送行。)

3. Some of the books are interesting, and the others are boring.

(這些書之中有些是有趣的，其他的則是無聊的。)

2. have/make + O + Vpp

說明

1.     have及make在此句型中為「使役動詞」，屬於不完全及物動詞，受詞之後必須加上受詞補語，才能使語意完整。

2. 當使役動詞have及make之後的受詞為「被動接受動作者」的時候，後面必須接過去分詞(Vpp)來當作受詞補語。

例句

1. People have flowers sent for many reasons.  (人們為了許多理由送花。)

2. The careless boy had all his pocket money stolen yesterday.

(昨天這個粗心小男孩的零用錢全被偷光了。)
3.For the trip, Grace has had her car checked in advance.

(為了這趟旅行，Grace已經事先把她的車子送去檢查了。)

 

3. N + V-ing/Vpp/Adj → N + who/which/that + V/be Vpp/be Adj

說明

1. 此為關係代名詞在關係子句中為主格時，用作為補充說明先行詞(N)，省略關係代名詞及動詞型態的延伸句型。

2.在用法中，關係子句中的who、which、that可以省略，但動詞部分必須隨之變化：表主動的V改成V-ing；表被動的be Vpp省略be留下Vpp；使用形容詞的be Adj時，則省略be留下Adj。

例句

1. In the 1980s, the staff working for Nike had a problem.

→ In the 1980s, the staff who/that worked for Nike had a problem.

(在1980年代時，Nike的員工遇到了一個難題。)

2.This is an ad having an important message about the product.

→ This is an ad which has an important message about the product.

(這是一則有關於產品重要訊息的廣告。)

3.The river rich in fish is badly polluted now.

→ The river which was rich in fish is badly polluted now.

(這條有很多魚群的河流現在已被嚴重汙染了。)

 

4. S + help (+ O) (+ to) V

說明

help之後可加受詞或不定詞(to V)，但不定詞to V的to可省略，形成S + help + O + V；此外，help之後也可以不加受詞及省略不定詞的to而形成S + help + V。

例句

1. The slogan helped make Nike a big international company.

(這句標語幫了Nike，使它成為一間國際大公司。)

2. Many women doubt whether this cosmetic product can help improve their appearance. 
(許多女性懷疑這種化妝品是否真能有助於改善她們的外表。)

3. I'm trying to find a way to help Bruce solve his problem.

(我正試著找出一個方法來幫Bruce解決他的問題。)

 

5. S + give + sb (IO) + sth (DO)

→ S + give + sth (DO) + to + sb (IO)

說明

1. 此句型為「授與動詞」give的用法。授與動詞屬於及物動詞的一種，有兩個受詞(O)。一個是給予的「物」，為直接受詞(DO)；另一個給予的「對象」，為間接受詞(IO)。

2. 授與動詞give可以先加間接受詞，再加上直接受詞。但授與動詞若先加上直接受詞時，就必須在間接受詞前使用介系詞(Prep)。

3. 常見授與動詞及搭配的介系詞如下：

(1)bring/lend/sell/send/show/teach/tell + DO + to + IO

(2)bring/buy/get/make + DO + for + IO

4. 如果直接受詞(DO)是代名詞，如it或them時，必須先以代名詞加上介系詞，再加間接受詞(IO)的方式呈現。

例句

1. The news network always gives its audience the latest news.

→ The news network always gives the latest news to its audience.

(新聞頻道總是提供觀眾最新的新聞。)

2. Would you please lend me your dictionary?

→ Would you please lend your dictionary to me?  

   (你能把你的字典借給我嗎？)

3. Linda's sister forgot her books at home. Linda brought them for her sister. 

(Linda的姊姊把書忘在家裡。Linda幫她把那些書帶來。)

 

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　) 1. Kate made the table ＿＿＿＿＿ with a blue cloth.

     (A) cover             (B) covering          (C) covered           (D) to cover

(　) 2. Please bought some milk and fruit ＿＿＿＿＿ on your way home.

     (A) for               (B) to me            (C) for me            (D) to

(　) 3.The man ＿＿＿＿＿ his dog three weeks ago is still looking for it now.

     (A) has lost          (B) loses               (C) lost               (D) losing

(　) 4. Different stories have different endings. ＿＿＿＿＿ are sad. ＿＿＿＿＿ are happy.

      ＿＿＿＿＿ may have some lessons to learn.

     (A) One; Some; Others               (B) Some; Others: Still others 

(C) One; Another; The others          (D) One; Some; Others

(　) 5. Leon will come to ＿＿＿＿＿ fix my brother's bicycle this Sunday.

     (A) have              (B) make               (C) help                 (D) give

(　) 6. There are fifty books on the desk. ＿＿＿＿＿ are about health, and ＿＿＿ are about sports.

     (A) Some; some                  (B) Some; still others 

(C) Some; others                 (D) Some; the others

(　) 7.Peter ＿＿＿＿＿ his new watch ＿＿＿＿＿ his classmate in the class.

     (A) lent; for         (B) gave; for         (C) showed; to   (D) bought; to

(　) 8.I helped an old lady ＿＿＿＿＿ the road this morning.

     (A) crosses         (B) crossed             (C) crossing          (D) cross

(　) 9.Tony ＿＿＿＿＿ his homework ＿＿＿＿＿ in a short time so that he could go out with Jane.

     (A) had; done      (B) had; do          (C) got; doing       (D) got; to do

(　)10.The cookies ＿＿＿＿＿ in this shop are said to be not only healthy but also delicious.

     (A) have produced (B) produced        (C) producing       (D) having produced

  

II. 配合題：從下列框中選出最適當的答案，以完成句子。

(A) ...to her boyfriend on his birthday.

(B) ...lead a happy life.

(C) ...fitting you well when exercising.

(D) ...its products sold all over the world.

(E) ...and the others are short.

＿＿＿＿＿ 1. The bicycle company has...

＿＿＿＿＿ 2. You should wear sneakers...

＿＿＿＿＿ 3. Some of the students are tall, ...

＿＿＿＿＿ 4. Winnie gave some chocolate...

＿＿＿＿＿ 5. The government should help its people...

 

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1.Oliver的自行車昨天早上被偷了。

Oliver ＿＿＿＿＿ his bicycle ＿＿＿＿＿ yesterday morning.

2.普羅米修斯給了人們許多禮物。

Prometheus ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ many gifts.

→ Prometheus ＿＿＿＿＿ many gifts ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿.

3.那個穿粉紅色T-shirt的女孩據說是Ken的女友。

The girl ＿＿＿＿＿ in a pink T­shirt is said to be Ken's girlfriend.

4.在這二十人當中，有些已決定參加此趟旅行，而剩下的人仍未做最後決定。

Among the 20 people, ＿＿＿＿＿ have decided to join the trip, and ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ haven't made the final decision.

5.颱風過後，很多志工幫助當地居民清理他們的房子。

Many volunteers ＿＿＿＿＿ local people ＿＿＿＿＿ their houses after the typhoon.