Unit 04
I. 綜合測驗
The
Metamorphosis, a famous novel by
Franz Kafka, describes a story of a man transformed
into an ugly beetle. Gregor Samsa, a salesperson, got up one morning to find
that he had become a giant beetle. _1._ his family, he pretended to be sick and confined
himself to his bedroom. However, as his family forced his bedroom door open,
they were shocked at what they saw. Gregor's mother fainted at the sight of him because it had never _2._ her that her dear son
should have become a hideous monster.
While
the entire family was troubled and disgusted
by Gregor's frightening appearance,
his sister, Grete, secretly brought him food. However, Gregor no longer felt
interested in the food he used to enjoy. _3._, he took great delight in the rotting food scraps. His behaviors had become so abnormal and
scary that his family grew tired of him and secretly wished for his death.
The
story ends as Gregor eventually died
in loneliness. His family, who had moved to a smaller house because of their
extra _4._ spent on Gregor, felt a sense of relief. They thought that if Gregor had not become a horrifying beetle, their family _5._ a
better life. Their indifferent attitudes to Gregor's death in a way add sadness
to the ending and invite the issue of humanity
and morality for readers to ponder over.
( )
1. (A) Not scaring (B) Not scared (C) To scare not (D) Not to scare
( )
2. (A) come across (B) occurred to (C) counted on (D) happened to
( )
3. (A) Hence (B) Likewise (C) Instead (D) Supposedly
( )
4. (A) expenses (B) benefits (C) incomes (D) charges
( )
5. (A) can have (B) must live (C) had lived (D) could have had
應考小撇步
選出正確的動詞形式是常考題型。
就第1.題來說，後面有一完整子句，先判斷該題對後面的句子來說有無目的性，若有擇選不定詞片語(to +
VR)形式；若沒有則可能就是分詞構句，此時就以主要句子的主詞來判斷，若動詞對它來說是主動，則選用現在分詞，若是被動，則選過去分詞。
句型總匯
It + occurred
to / dawned on / struck + sb. that + S + V... 某人突然想到…、瞬間領悟…
說明：這個句型也可以說 It
crossed / came
across / flashed into / flashed through one's mind that + S + V...，或是sb. hit
upon an idea that…。
à After I watched
the film about bees, it occurred to / dawned on / struck
me that I could write an essay about behavior.
II. 綜合測驗
Fear
is a common emotion that we all have. It is caused by a specific stimulus, which can be a horrible object right in front of us or an unknown situation in the future.
If that fear is so _1._ as to affect
our behavior and life, it is called a phobia.
Some phobias are pretty common and understandable, such as arachnophobia, the fear of spiders, or acrophobia, the fear of heights, _2._ others are rare, such as somniphobia, which means feeling afraid
of falling asleep. _3._, those uncommon, strange phobias are more or less present among us though we are not aware
of them because they pose no threat to our life.
Upon
seeing a subject of dread, people
suffering from phobias may have an uneasy feeling, _4._ some physical reactions like fast shallow
breath, pounding heartbeat sweating and feeling like vomiting.
Seeing what causes them to fear, they are often so scared that their blood runs
cold or they have _5._. When people's phobias have seriously affected their
life, it
is necessary that they consult a psychiatrist.
( )
1. (A) current (B intense (C) stable (D) familiar
( )
2. (A) once (B) when (C) since (D) while
( )
3. (A) Surprisingly (B) Fortunately (C) Originally (D) Particularly
( )
4. (A) along with (B) except for (C) on the basis of (D) by means of
( )
5. (A) the cherry on the cake (B)
the apple in their eye
(C)
butterflies in their stomach (D)
all the eggs in one basket
句型總匯
It is + necessary
/ essential / important / urgent + that + S + (should)
+ VR… …有必要、重要、很緊急
說明：表示「必要重要急迫」的句型，後面的that子句裡要用助動詞should，是「應該」的意思，可以省略。
à It is necessary that the government (should) take measures to solve the pollution
problem.
à It is urgent that the injured (should) be sent to the hospital immediately.
III. 文意選填
Ever
since the release of the movie Truman
Show, some audiences have taken
delight in peeping into others'
life. Jade Goody from London was one of the _1._ names in an English
reality-television show, and she enjoyed being under the spotlight. Making her
first _2._ in a British program Big
Brother in 2002, she became a celebrity in the TV industry, and was famous
for being blunt and straightforward. However, her popularity _3._ when she attacked an Indian actress Shilpa Shetty,
and acted like a racist. Because of this, she was forced to leave the show and
even to hold a press _4._ to apologize to the public.
Later
in 2008, Jade Goody fell ill because of a(n) _5._ while she was still in
another reality television show. The illness turned out to be cervical cancer
after further examinations. Her cancer was aggressive
and _6._. In that case, she had no choice but to have big surgery, _7._ a series of
chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Controversy about her was _8._ again as she
started to shoot a
reality-television documentary, Living
with Jade Goody. She was _9._ of selling her own death, but she couldn't care less. She needed to make a fortune for her two sons. Finally, the
day came when she was pronounced
terminally ill. Though devastated, she made a will and drew up _10._ plans
for caring her two sons. She died at age 27, and her death was reported in
various British media as was expected.
(A)
dropped (B) stirred up (C) accused (D) appearance (E)
conference
(F)
household (G) detailed (H) infection (I) followed by (J)
life-threatening
1. _____ 2.
_____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____
6. _____ 7.
_____ 8. _____ 9. _____ 10. _____
句型總匯
…have no
choice but to / cannot choose but + VR… 不得不…
說明：此句型表示別無選擇只能做某事。cannot
help + V-ing cannot (help) but+VR S
à Because
there was no bus late at night, I had no choice
but to walk home.
= Because
there was no bus late at night, I couldn't
choose but walk home.
à Hearing
the bad news, the mother couldn't help crying.
= Hearing
the bad news, the mother couldn't (help) but
cry.
IV. 篇章結構
Technology has
been used in many ways, most noticeably in saving lives at critical moments. It is often hoped that victims can be saved in
time when disasters strike. Two U.S. government agencies, the Department of Homeland Security and NASA, have noticed that the fate of the victims mostly
depends on how fast they are rescued.
___1.___ Victims who are unable to crawl
out of the wreckage or fail to let rescuers
know their location are likely to be
doomed. So the two government agencies decided to work together and design a
high-tech device to locate the
victims trapped in a collapsed building.
___2.___
With this equipment, a victim's slightest movement or a heartbeat can
be detected. The theory is that FINDER sends out microwave signals, which
go in and hit the rubble and debris. ___3.___ As the victim moves,
FINDER can locate the human body by analyzing
the signal reflection data. When the victim breathes or his /
her heart beats, the skin moves a little bit, which FINDER will not miss. ___4.___
Hopefully, it will save lots of lives in the future.
(A) They soon
created a new device, called FINDER, the short form for Finding Individuals for Disaster and Emergency Response.
(B)
When a building crumbles down, the clock is ticking.
(C)
Some of the signals may go further in, hit the victim deep inside and bounce back.
(D) Several pilot
tests have proven that FINDER is indeed an efficient
tool to find survivors in an
accident.
1. _____ 2.
_____ 3. _____ 4. _____
句型總匯
S1 + be + that + S2 + V... that引導名詞子句當補語
說明：that引導的子句為名詞子句，可以當主詞、受詞、補語及同位語，當受詞時，that可省略。
à [That honesty is the best policy] is undeniable. (當主詞)
à My
father always tells me [(that) time is money]. (當受詞)
à The
point is [that humans will suffer if we don't protect the
environment]. (當主詞補語)
à Kelly
cannot accept the fact [that her
boyfriend is dead]. (當同位語)
V. 閱讀測驗
You'd
never know what it is just from looking. The new bright orange schoolhouse in Granados,
Guatemala has walls built with used plastic bottles --- and so much other
plastic waste that the team who built it had to go to the neighboring villages
to collect waste because they used up all
the trash of their own. Peace Corps volunteer
Laura Kutner was inspired to start
the project because of the plastic trash that she noticed everywhere in
Guatemala, and because schools had classrooms with no walls. Therefore, she
borrowed the idea of using bottles as a construction
material from a magazine, and with
materials and labor from local
businesses as well as help from an organization called "Hug it Forward," they set to work.
The
team filled individual bottles with plastic grocery bags, chip bags,
and other waste they had collected, and after placing the bottles inside metal fencing for shape, they used
trash again to fill spaces between the fencing
and the bottles. "We needed a lot of plastic trash," said Laura --- "if
the empty spaces hadn't been stuffed with trash, the wall would have
been ill-shaped when we threw the cement
on. We
used so much trash that we could not find anymore in the town and had to go to
the neighboring villages to get some of theirs. It was awesome!"
After
the fencing was stuffed with waste, three layers
of cement were placed on each side ----- creating the look and stability of any regular wall. Essentially, the bottles just served as
insulation.
Laura
called the project truly the perfect example of a team effort. "If the
entire town had not participated, it
would not have happened!" said Laura.
( ) 1. What is the article mainly about?
(A) An orange
schoolhouse that is totally built with plastic bottles.
(B) A lady's
brilliant idea that benefits the environment and the community.
(C) The serious
trash pollution and lack of resources in Guatemala.
(D) Two
volunteering groups, "Peace Corps" and "Hug It Forward."
( ) 2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned
in the article about the building project?
(A) Building
materials. (B)
Days of construction.
(C) Purpose of
construction. (D)
Participants.
( ) 3. Which of the following is the correct
order of materials used in constructing the walls mentioned in the reading?
(A) plastic
waste→metal fencing→bottles with plastic→cement
(B) bottles with
plastic→metal fencing→cement→plastic waste
(C) cement→bottles
with plastic→plastic waste→metal fencing
(D) metal fencing→bottles
with plastic→plastic waste→cement
( ) 4. What can we infer from the article?
(A) The building
materials of the schoolhouse came from several villages.
(B) Laura Kutner
is a schoolteacher in Granados, Guatemala.
(C)
Had it not been for the financial support from around the world, the project
wouldn't have been completed.
(D)
The metal fencing was also made of recycled material from the town and the
neighboring villages.
句型總匯
S + be / V +
so + adj. / adv. // be / V + such + N +
that + S + V… 如此…以至於…
說明：此句型中，若用so，後面要接形容詞或副詞，若用such，後面要接名詞，另外，也可以說so +
adj. + a + N (這種用法名詞只能用單數)。
à She is
so beautiful that
every man wants to marry her.
= She
is such a beautiful lady that every man wants to marry her.
= She
is so beautiful a lady that every man wants to marry her.
VI. 閱讀測驗
Who
hasn't used a BAND-AID? In a world full of cuts, scrapes, blisters and bruises, it
seems hard to imagine life without those little adhesive bandages.
Of
course, there have always been cuts and scrapes, but there haven't always been
adhesive bandages. This fact was painfully clear to a young housewife named Josephine Dickson.
Back
in 1920, this newlywed was living in
New Brunswick, New Jersey, with her husband Earle. Though married life agreed with her,
housekeeping did not. It was not that she didn't try. When Earle came
home from his job as a cotton buyer
at Johnson & Johnson, Josephine would always have dinner ready on the
table. Unfortunately, she'd also have several cuts or burns on her fingers.
Without an adhesive bandage, Josephine had no easy way of bandaging her own
cuts. Earle had to cut pieces of adhesive tape and cotton gauze and make a bandage for each wound. This happened day after day, and day after day Josephine
needed more bandages. They were in a real bind.
Finally,
after several weeks of kitchen accidents, Earle hit
upon an idea. (Luckily, his idea was not to go out and hire a cook.) Earle
sat down and prepared some ready-made
bandages by placing squares of
cotton gauze at intervals along an
adhesive strip and covering them with crinoline.
Now all Josephine had to do was cut off a length of the strip and wrap it over
her cut. In a way, it was a housewife that was responsible for the invention of the BAND-AID Brand
Adhesive Bandage.
Earle
told his boss at work about his new invention and soon the first adhesive
bandages were being produced and sold under the world famous BAND-AID trademark. Earle was eventually rewarded with a position as Vice President in the company, where he
stayed until his retirement. As for
Josephine, history did not record whether she ever mastered the art of
accident-free cooking. But we do know she had plenty of BAND-AID Brand Adhesive
Bandages available just in case. Earle Dickson may not have
realized what a cutting-edge product
he had invented, but it certainly stuck around.
( ) 1. What is the main purpose of this article?
(A) To teach
people how to avoid kitchen accidents by using BAND-AIDS.
(B) To detail the
genuine story behind the invention of BAND-AIDS.
(C)
To record the manufacturing process of BAND-AIDS and how it was accepted by
people.
(D) To show how
silly ideas can eventually lead to great inventions.
( ) 2. What is the writer's tone in this article?
(A) Serious. (B) Harsh. (C) Humorous. (D)
Romantic.
( ) 3. What does the author mean by saying
"Though married life agreed with her, housekeeping did not."?
(A)
Earle did not allow Josephine to do housework, and their marriage life was not
happy.
(B)
Josephine had a terrible marriage but she could keep the house very well.
(C)
Josephine failed to keep house well and it was why their marriage wasn't
approved by others.
(D)
Earle and Josephine lived happily together, but Josephine had problems doing
housework.
( ) 4. Which one of the following is true after
BAND-AID Brand Adhesive Bandages were invented?
(A)
Earle was appreciated by his boss, and he got a promotion.
(B)
Josephine never cut her fingers again when cooking.
(C)
Earle eventually owned the company and stayed there until he retired.
(D)
People would not use adhesive tape and cotton gauze anymore.
句型總匯
It is... that... (表強調的分裂句)
說明：分裂句可以用來強調主詞、受詞、時間/地方副詞或表方式的介系詞片語。注意be動詞的時態需與原句相同。若強調的是人，that可以換成who，若強調的是事物、時間、地點，還是使用that為主。
à It was your words of encouragement that made me become who I am today.
à John
killed Mary with his bare hands last night.
= It was John that/who
killed Mary with his bare hands last night. (強調主詞)
= It was Mary that/who
John killed with his bare hands last night. (強調受詞)
= It was with his bare hands that John killed Mary last night. (強調介系詞片語)
= It was last night that John killed Mary with his bare hands. (強調時間副詞)
VII. 混合題型
Apart from quinine, which is one ingredient in tonic water, caffeine is another common drug that
people take on a daily basis. The appeal
of this drug shows no sign of slowing down as drinking coffee has caught on and
become many people's daily routine.
However, too much caffeine may harm
our health. It is suggested that one take in caffeine less than 400 milligrams (mg) a day. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) advises
pregnant women and breast-feeding
mothers to be very careful with caffeine. However, there is no safe amount of caffeine
consumption for children in DGA.
The
amount of caffeine in coffee or tea varies
a lot. Many factors may affect the actual caffeine content. For example, the longer the brewing time, the more caffeine. The hotter the water, the more
caffeine. Yet, the best temperature
is around 90° C, since water that is too hot may cause a loss of quality and
taste. Other factors include origins of coffee beans, processing methods as well as the grind size.
A
lot of coffee drinkers become ill-tempered and drowsy or even suffer from headaches and loss of sleep when they
stop drinking coffee. Yet, the effects of caffeine on the human body are not
totally negative as a large number of studies have important findings
about the benefits of drinking coffee. The following chart of caffeine
content in popular beverages and
foods can be used as a guide to control the amount of caffeine consumption.
Drink sizes are in fluid ounces
(oz.) mostly. Caffeine is shown in milligrams (mg).
Serving
Size Caffeine (mg)
Coffee
Starbucks
Coffee, Blonde Roast 16
oz. 300
Mama
Mia Espresso 0.8
oz. 75
Maxwell
House Decaf Ground Coffee 1
Tbs. or 6 oz. 1-5
Tea
Yellow
Lemon Tea 16
oz. 37
Herbal
tea, brewed 8
oz. 0
Soft Drinks
Pepsi
Zero Sugar 20
oz. 115
Diet
Coke 12
oz. 46
Energy Drinks
Splash
Energy 16
oz. 300
Red
Bull 8.4
oz. 80
Caffeinated Snack
Awake
Energy Granola 1
bar, 40 g 100
Chi
Energy Chews --- Strawberry 4
chews 20
Ice Cream or Yogurt
Bang!!
Caffeinated Ice Cream 4
oz. 125
Häagen-Dazs
Coffee Ice Cream 4
oz. 29
Athena
Café Latte Greek Yogurt 5.3
oz. 0.1
( ) 1. What is the main idea of this passage?
(A) There are
different ways to quit drinking coffee.
(B) Most people do
not know that drinking coffee is good for health.
(C) We should be
aware of the caffeine contained in drinks and foods.
(D) Children as
well as breast-feeding mothers should avoid having caffeine.
2. What happens to
people who have drunk coffee for long when they suddenly stop drinking it?
____________________________________________________________________________
3. Finish the line
graph according to the information about the relation between water temperature
and caffeine amount.
---
( ) 4. Dana is a pregnant woman. Which of the
following combination (one serving each) is a better choice for her to have?
(A)
Häagen-Dazs Coffee Ice Cream, Chi Energy Chews --- Strawberry and Yellow Lemon
Tea.
(B)
Starbucks Coffee, Blonde Roast, Pepsi Zero Sugar, and Bang!! Caffeinated Ice
Cream.
(C)
Maxwell House Decaf Ground Coffee, Chi Energy Chews --- Strawberry, and Athena
Café Latte Greek Yogurt.
(D)
Mama Mia Espresso, Splash Energy, and Bang!! Caffeinated Ice Cream.
句型總匯
許多…
a (large / great) number of / (large) numbers of / many / quite a few + Ns (many a +
N)
a (large / great) amount of / (large) amounts of / a great deal of / much + N(U)
a lot of / lots of / plenty
of / a large quantity of + Ns / N
注意：a great
number of 是「許多」的意思，後面接複數名詞及複數動詞；而the
number of…只是「數目字」的意思，後面接單數動詞。
à A great number of lectures will be held to get
students acquainted with literature.
à Harry has
invested a great deal of money in the
restaurant. Of course, he hopes it is crowded with plenty of customers every night.
Practice 4
字彙選擇
( ) 1. Your son spat in another kid's face.
This kind of _____ is absolutely not acceptable in my classroom.
(A)
behavior (B) signal (C) object (D)
emergency
( ) 2. The writer's latest book will be _____
in every bookstore in town next week. You can go buy a copy if you're
interested.
(A)
critical (B) individual (C) available (D) specific
( ) 3. Helen Keller's story has _____ many
physically-challenged people to hold on to their dreams.
(A)
rescued (B) consulted (C) participated (D)
inspired
( ) 4. Narcissus, a beautiful young man in Greek
mythology, madly fell in love with his own _____ in the water and was drowned
to death.
(A)
ingredient (B) reflection (C) content (D) bandage
( ) 5. When I say "hello" to Billy,
he _____ that he doesn't hear me and walks past me as if I were invisible.
(A)
analyzes (B) pretends (C) confines (D)
rewards
片語選填
(A)
just in case (B) used up (C) failed to (D) made a fortune (E)
hit upon
( ) 6. All the natural resources should be
properly preserved lest they be _____ someday.
( ) 7. It might rain today. You should bring an
umbrella with you _____.
( ) 8. The student who didn't pay attention in
class _____ answer the question correctly; thus, he was punished by his
teacher.
整句式翻譯
9. 他今早起得如此晚以至於他不得不搭計程車上學。(… so…
that… / … have no choice...)
____________________________________________________________________________
10. 正是因為Denise的美麗使得許多男人對她一見鍾情。(It is…
that...)
____________________________________________________________________________
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