文法講座三十七：like、unlike 和 dislike
相信大家都很熟悉臉書上的「按讚」按鈕 “like”，但「按爛」按鈕 “unlike”卻一直令我感到狐疑，因動詞「喜歡」like 的反義字為應為動詞「不喜歡」dislike，而不是介係詞「不像」unlike。like 和 dislike 用法請見下方例句。
例句：我喜歡看電影，但我不喜歡看恐怖片。
I like going to the movies,
but I dislike horror
movies.
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介係詞 like 和 unlike
使用介係詞「像」like 和介係詞「不像」unlike時，須注意以下兩點：
1. 同性質的東西才可類比。
2. 介係詞後方需搭配「名詞」。
例句：不像其他學生，瑪莉從沒上學遲到過。
Unlike other students, Mary is never late to school.
注意：other students 和 Mary 同樣是人，同質相較。介係詞「不像」unlike後方搭配名詞 other students。
例句：就像你一樣，我也很怕蟑螂。
Just like you, I am afraid of cockroaches.
注意：you 和 I 同樣是人，同質相較。介係詞「像」like後方搭配名詞 you。Just、quite、not much、not
at all、a bit 等可放在介係詞 like前，修飾 like。
請選出正確的句子：
A. Ted is very shy - not at all like his mother, perhaps more like his father.
B. Like most of you, the only reason I go to work is money.
C. Unlike many other stars her age, becoming a Hollywood wild
child doesn't interest Liz.
D. Life likes a box of chocolates, and you never know what you will get.
答案：A
A 選項，泰德非常害羞，一點都不像他媽媽，或許還比較像他爸。
Ted、his mother 和 his father 都是人，同質可相較。介係詞「像」like後方搭配名詞 his mother 及 his father。not at all 及 more 分別放在介係詞 like前，修飾 like。
B 選項，就像你們之中的大多數人一樣，我去上班純粹是為了錢。
most of you 屬性為「人」，但 the only reason 屬性為「事」，不同類無法相較。正確寫法為：Like most of you, I go to work for money. 句中most
of you 和 I 都是人，同質可相較。介係詞「像」like後方搭配名詞 most of you。
C 選項，不像其他同齡明星，她對成為好萊塢壞女孩並不感興趣。
many other stars 屬性為「人」，但 becoming… 屬性為「事」，不同類無法相較。正確寫法為：Unlike many other stars her age, she isn't interested in
becoming a Hollywood wild child. 句中 many other stars 和 she 都是人，同質可相較。介係詞「像」like 後方搭配名詞 many other stars。
D 選項，人生就像盒巧克力，你永遠都不知道你會拿到什麼口味。
句中的“like”為介係詞「像」，而非動詞，所以正確寫法為：Life
is like a box of chocolates, and
you never know what you will get.
文法講座三十八：「更不用說」let alone、much less、not to mention
片語「更別提；更不用說；而且還…」可用來進一步強調和延伸之前的論述。常用的「更別提；更不用說；而且還…」片語，都不可放句首，而應放在兩句間，即：第一句，「更別提」第二句。
·
let
alone，通常用於帶否定意味的句子後。
·
not
to mention / to say nothing of / not to speak of +「名詞或動名詞」。
·
肯定意味的句子 + still more / much more，意指「而且還…」。
·
否定意味的句子 + still less / much less，意指「更別提；更不用說」。
much less、still less 中的 “less” 是由含否定意味的 “little” 轉變而來，所以 much less、still less 前方只能搭配否定的句子，still more、much more 和 still less、much less 相反，前方只能搭配肯定的句子。to say nothing of、not to speak of、not to mention 和 let alone 可隨前一句的意思而定。前一句是肯定，則追加的也是肯定，若前一句是否定，則追加的也是否定的。
例句：我們連吃一餐的錢都沒有，更別提住旅館了。
We hadn't got the money to have a meal, let alone stay in a hotel.
We hadn't got the money to have a meal, much less stay in a hotel.
We hadn't got the money to have a meal, to say nothing of staying in a hotel.
本句強調「我們不可能住旅館」。
例句：我連電影的名字都記不得，更別提電影劇情和細節了。
I can’t remember the name of the movie, let
alone the film plot and details.
I can’t remember the name of the movie, not
to mention the film plot and details.
I can’t remember the name of the movie, not
to speak of the film plot and details.
I can’t remember the name of the movie, still
less the film plot and details.
本句強調的重點在於「我完全不記得電影劇情和細節」。
例句：他們連魚子醬、松露和鵝肝醬都端出來給賓客享用，更別說平常的牛排。
The guests were served caviar, truffles and foie gras, let alone usual steak.
The guests were served caviar, truffles and foie gras, not to mention usual steak.
The guests were served caviar, truffles and foie gras, much more usual steak.
本句強調「賓客一定有牛排可吃」。
文法講座三十九：so …that / such …that / enough …to / too … to
so …that / such …that / enough …to / too … to 句型
·
對某人而言，太…以至於不能…：too 形容詞 / 副詞 for 人 to 動詞原形
例句：老人家太虛弱不能走路。
The old man is too weak to walk.
·
對某人而言，夠…所以可以…：
1. 形容詞 / 副詞 enough for 人to 動詞原形
例句：我不夠有錢，不能買鑽戒。
I am not rich enough to buy a diamond ring.
2.
enough 名詞 to 動詞原形
例句：我沒有足夠的錢可以買鑽戒。
I don’t have enough money to buy a diamond ring.
·
如此地 … 以至於 …：
1.
so 形容詞 / 副詞 that 主詞 + 動詞
2. such 名詞 that 主詞 + 動詞
關係代名詞 that 當連接詞使用，連接句子 ( 即 " 主詞 + 動詞
" 結構 )。
例句：天氣如此地熱，我想吃冰淇淋。
It is so hot today that I feel like having ice cream.
It is such a hot day that I feel like having ice cream.
請選出正確的句子：
A. It’s such fine weather that I go to the beach with Ted.
B. Jack ran enough fast winning the race.
C. The tea is too hot for me to drink it.
D. The mansion is so expensive that I can’t afford.
答案：A
A 選項，天氣如此地好，我和泰德去了海邊。
“fine weather” 為名詞，故可用「such 名詞
that 主詞 + 動詞」。
B 選項，傑克跑得夠快，所以可贏得這場比賽。
「夠…所以可以…」的寫法為：形容詞/ 副詞 enough for 人 to
動詞原形，故本句應改成：Jack ran fast enough to win the race.
C 選項，茶太燙我沒辦法喝。
將句尾的 drink 和主詞 the tea 接起來，drink the tea 可構成完整語意，故不需受詞 it。本句應改成：The tea is too hot for me to drink.
D 選項，這豪宅如此地貴，以至於我負擔不起。
關代 that 後方應為完整句，afford 為及物動詞，後方需加受詞，故本句應改成：The mansion is so expensive that I can't afford it.
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