文法講座三十一：副詞「否則；不然」otherwise
therefore、yet、moreover 和 otherwise 等可承接文意的副詞的使用方式如下：
或是
副詞 otherwise 的意思有兩種：
1.
otherwise
意指「否則；不然；若不是…」，意思接近 “if not”， 用於點出不好的後果。請看下方第一個例句，並比較「副詞否則」otherwise
和「連接詞否則」or 的用法。
2.
otherwise
意指 「除此以外」，意思接近 “ apart from
this/ that”，用於點出與前方敘述「相反」的面向。
例句：單車租借服務必須便民，否則大家不會使用它。
The bike-rental service must be convenient;
otherwise, people won’t use it.
The bike-rental service must be convenient.
Otherwise, people won’t use it.
The bike-rental service must be convenient,
or people won’t use it.
The bike-rental service must be convenient.
If it isn't, people won’t use it.
例句：因為浪濤洶湧，我們一整個禮拜都沒法游泳。除此以外，我們在峇里島玩得很開心。
The sea was very rough and we couldn't swim all week. Otherwise, we had a good time in Bali.
The sea was very rough and we couldn't swim all week. Apart from this, we had a good time in
Bali.
請選出正確句子：
A. My apartment doesn't allow pets; otherwise, I would have kept a
Schnauzer.
B. I understand everything Tom has said; otherwise, I’m totally against his
proposal.
C. James excels in English; otherwise, it is by no means his favorite subject.
D. Don’t shut down the computer, otherwise you are told to do so.
答案：A
A 選項，我的公寓不允許養寵物，否則我早養隻雪納瑞了。
這裡的 otherwise 有「假如不是…」( if not ) 的意思，即「假如我的公寓不要不允許…」。
B 選項，我了解湯姆的話，_____ 我堅決反對他的提案。
第一句「了解」和第二句「反對」文意相反，應用副詞「雖然、但是、然而」yet /
however 或連接詞 though / although / while / but來承接。句子正確寫法為：
I understand everything Tom has said;
however, I’m totally against his proposal. 或
I understand everything Tom has said. Yet,
I am totally against his proposal. 或
Although I understand everything
Tom has said, I am totally against his proposal. 或
I understand everything Tom has said, but
I am totally against his proposal.
C 選項，James 擅長英文，_____ 英文絕不是他最喜歡的科目。
第一句「擅長」和第二句「不是最愛」文意相反，應用副詞「雖然、但是、然而」
yet / however 或連接詞 though / although / while /
but來承接。句子正確寫法為：
James excels in English; however,
it is by no means his favorite subject. 或
James excels in English, but
it's by no means his favorite subject.
D 選項，不要將電腦關機，_____ 有人叫你這麼做。
otherwise 是「副詞」，不是連接詞，因此無法連接兩個句子，且與文意不合。從前後語意可推知，「除非」有人叫你關機，不然不要關。連接這兩個句子可用連接詞「除非」unless，句子正確寫法為：
Don’t shut down the computer unless you are told to do so.
文法講座三十二：連接詞「不是 A 而是 B」not A but B
連接詞「not A but B」意指「不是 A 而是 B」，其中 A 和 B 詞性時態要對稱相等。
若 A 和 B 為主詞時，動詞與靠近的主詞一致。
例句：這不是你的錯而是我的錯。
This is not your fault
but mine.
[所有格 + 名詞] [所有格代名詞]
由於「所有格 + 名詞 = 所有格代名詞」，not … but …在句中連接兩個所有格代名詞，對稱相等。
例句：我愛你不是因為你很美而是因為你很善解人意。
I love you not because you are
beautiful but because you are
considerate.
not …but …在句中連接兩個由連接詞 because 所帶出子句，對稱相等。
例句：真正重要的不是你是何許人而是你是怎樣的人。
What really matters is not who you are
but what you are.
[名詞子句當主詞] [名詞子句1] [名詞子句2]
not …but …在句中連接兩個名詞子句，對稱相等。
例句：Tom 是由外婆而不是爸媽帶大的。
Not Tom's parents
but his grandmother brings him
up.
not …but …在句中連接兩個主詞(名詞)，對稱相等。動詞須和靠近的單數主詞 his grandmother 一致，故用單數動詞 brings。
文法講座三十三：動詞(片語)「遵守」obey/comply/stick …
動詞「遵守」的用法如下，須注意是否搭配介係詞，或所搭配的介係詞為何。
·
不需搭配介係詞的「遵守」：
obey;
follow; observe + N
·
須搭配介係詞的「遵守」：
conform
to N; keep to N; stick to N; adhere to N; act up to N
abide by N
comply with N
例句：若我們不遵守交通規則，我們可能面臨罰款或刑罰。
If we violate / break traffic
rules, we may face a fine or penalty.
If we don't obey traffic rules,
we may face a fine or penalty.
If we don't abide by traffic
rules, we may face a fine or penalty.
If we don't conform to traffic
rules, we may face a fine or penalty.
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